由于单链表结构简单,但是操作起来比较复杂,所以就有了双向链表来替代单链表,其结构中比单链表多了一个指向前驱的指针,在逆序遍历上极大的提高了效率,其节点设计如下:
typedef int DataType;
class DSNode
{
public:
friend class DNSList;
DSNode(DataType x=0)
:_data(x),
_next(NULL),
_prev(NULL)
{
}
private:
DSNode*_prev;
DSNode*_next;
DataType _data;
};
链表类提供了增删查改等一系列操作,要注意的是,多了一个指向前驱的指针,故操作起来逻辑更加简单,单语言实现还需更加精密,其类定义如下:
class DNSList
{
public:
DNSList()
:_head(NULL),
_tail(NULL)
{
}
~DNSList()
{
_Clear();
}
DNSList(const DNSList &l)
{
DSNode *cur = l._head;
while (cur)
{
PushBack(cur->_data);
}
}
DNSList operator = (DNSList l)
{
DSNode *cur = l._head;
while (cur)
{
PushBack(cur->_data);
}
}
public:
// 头插/头删/尾插/尾删
void PushBack(const DataType& x);
void PopBack();
void PushFront(const DataType& x);
void PopFront();
// 插入/查找/删除
void Insert(DSNode* pos, const DataType& x);
DSNode* Find(const DataType& x);
void Erase(const DataType& x);
void Reverse();
// 打印
void Print();
private:
void _Clear()
{
while (_head)
{
DSNode*cur = _head;
_head = _head->_next;
delete cur;
}
}
DSNode *_head;
DSNode *_tail;
};
声明函数具体实现如下:
#include"DSList.h"
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<cassert>
void DNSList::PushBack(const DataType&x)
{
if (_head == NULL)
{
_tail = _head = new DSNode(x);
_head->_next = NULL;
_head->_prev = NULL;
}
else
{
_tail->_next = new DSNode(x);
_tail->_next->_prev = _tail;
_tail = _tail->_next;
}
}
void DNSList::PushFront(const DataType&x)
{
DSNode*cur = new DSNode(x);
if (_head == NULL)
{
_tail = _head = cur;
}
else
{
cur->_next = _head;
cur->_next->_prev = cur;
_head = cur;
}
}
void DNSList::PopBack()
{
if (_tail)
{
DSNode *cur = _tail;
_tail = _tail->_prev;
_tail->_next = NULL;
delete cur;
}
}
void DNSList::PopFront()
{
if (_head)
{
DSNode *cur = _head;
_head = _head->_next;
_head->_prev = NULL;
delete cur;
}
}
void DNSList::Insert(DSNode* pos, const DataType& x)
{
assert(_head);
DSNode *cur = _head;
while (cur)
{
if (cur == pos)
{
if (cur == _tail)
{
PushBack(x);
}
else
{
DSNode *tmp = new DSNode(x);
tmp->_next = cur->_next;
tmp->_prev = cur;
tmp->_next->_prev = tmp;
cur->_next = tmp;
}
return;
}
cur = cur->_next;
}
assert(0);
}
DSNode* DNSList::Find(const DataType& x)
{
DSNode*cur = _head;
while (cur)
{
if (cur->_data == x)
return cur;
cur = cur->_next;
}
return NULL;
}
void DNSList::Erase(const DataType &x)
{
DSNode *cur = _head;
while (cur)
{
if (cur->_data == x)
{
DSNode*tmp = cur;
cur->_prev->_next = cur->_next;
cur->_next->_prev = cur->_prev;
cur = cur->_next;
delete tmp;
}
}
}
void DNSList::Reverse()
{
std::swap(_head, _tail);
DSNode*cur = _head;
while (cur)
{
std::swap(cur->_next, cur->_prev);
cur = cur->_next;
}
}
void DNSList::Print()
{
DSNode*cur = _head;
while (cur)
{
cout << cur->_data << "->";
cur = cur->_next;
}
cout << "NULL" << endl;
}
测试用例:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include"DSList.h"
void Test1()
{
DNSList l;
l.PushBack(1);
l.PushBack(2);
l.PushBack(3);
l.PushBack(4);
l.PushBack(5);
}
void Test2()
{
DNSList l;
l.PushFront(5);
l.PushFront(4);
l.PushFront(3);
l.PushFront(2);
l.PushFront(1);
l.Print();
l.PopBack();
l.PopFront();
l.PopBack();
l.PopBack();
}
void Test3()
{
DNSList l;
l.PushBack(1);
l.PushBack(2);
l.PushBack(4);
l.PushBack(5);
DSNode *t = l.Find(2);
DSNode *s = l.Find(5);
l.Insert(t, 3);
l.Insert(s, 6);
l.Print();
l.Reverse();
l.Print();
}
int main()
{
//Test1();
//Test2();
Test3();
return 0;
}
如有不足,希望指正。
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