基本数据类型的包装类

基本数据类型的包装类

Math，Random，Date，Calendar，BigDecimal，Runtime

• Date的使用

1)java.util.Date该类，是处理时间的，可以拿到年，月，日，小时，…;

2)格式化和解析日期字符串

     SimpleDateFromate对象

String str="[2018][04][03][13][15][36]";                                       SimpleDateFormat sdf=new SimpleDateFormat("[yyyy][MM][dd][HH][mm][ss]");                                       //通过SimpleDateFormat对象进行解析字符串为Date                    Date date=sdf.parse(str);                                       //获取到年，月，日，小时，分，秒                    int year=date.getYear();//过时方法                    int m=date.getMonth();                    int d=date.getDate();//一个月中的哪一天                    int h=date.getHours();                    int m1=date.getMinutes();                    int s=date.getSeconds();                                       //通过SimpleDateFormat对象进将时间转为指定的格式字符串                    SimpleDateFormat sdf1=new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy/MM/dd HH小时mm分钟ss秒");                    String timeStr=sdf1.format(date);                    System.out.println(timeStr);

 

常量：常量是不能改变的一些量，比如pi(3.14159); final  double  pi=3.14159;     pi=5;

 

• Calendar

是Date的升级，更加注重的是时间的运算，如果是简单的将时间转为指定字符串或者将字符串转为时间用Date

复杂时可以结合使用。

 

//今天对应的下个月是周几

 

String str1="[2018][04][03][13][15][36]";                                       SimpleDateFormat sdf=new SimpleDateFormat("[yyyy][MM][dd][HH][mm][ss]");                                       Date date1=sdf.parse(str1);                                                                            Calendar cal1=Calendar.getInstance();//得到当前系统的时间                    cal1.setTime(date1);//将Date放置在Calendar对象中                                       System.out.println(cal1);                    System.out.println("=================================");                    //后10天                    cal1.add(Calendar.DATE, -10);                                       System.out.println(cal1);

 

• Random

获取随机数的

//创建对象Random                    Random r=new Random();                    //               for(int i=0;i<10;i++) { //                         boolean f=r.nextBoolean(); //                         //                         System.out.println(f); //               }                                                                             for(int i=0;i<10;i++) {                             int j=r.nextInt(36);                                                         System.out.println(j);                   }

 

• Math

数学运算的处理

public static void main(String[] args) {                    //返回比他小的或等的整数                    double d=Math.floor(-5.4);                    System.out.println(d);//-5.9==-6.0                                                          double d1=Math.floor(5.4);                    System.out.println(d1);//5.0                                       //四舍五入，负数比较特殊的                    //返回参数中最接近的 long ，其中 long四舍五入为正无穷大。                    long d2=Math.round(-5.51) ;//-5.6==>-6   -5.50==>-5   -5.4==>-5   负数时以 0.5轴，大了  整数-1                    System.out.println(d2);                                       long d3=Math.round(5.5) ;// 5.5==>6     5.5==>6     5.4==>5                    System.out.println(d3);                                                                   }

 

 

• 基本数据类型的包装类

基本数据类型	包装类	最大最小值
byte	Byte	Byte.MAX_VAVLUE; Byte.MIN_VAVLUE
short	Short
int	Integer
long	Long
char	Character
boolean	Boolean
float	Float
double	Double

 

将基本数据类型转为包装类时，装包，包装以后可以调用更多的方法

byte b=123;

Byte c=b ,自动装包

 

byte  b1=c;//自动拆包

 

//将字符串，转为基本数据类型或者包装类

String str="123";                                       int i=Integer.parseInt(str);                                       Integer j=Integer.valueOf(str);                      System.out.println(i+j);

 

 

 

 

 

//转为字符串

1）包装类都toString方法可以直接转为字符串；

2）基本数据类型可以通过  String.valueOf(基本数据类型);

3）+””

String str="false";                                       boolean f1=Boolean.parseBoolean(str);                                       Boolean f2=Boolean.valueOf(str);                                       //包装类的toString                    String str2=f2.toString();                    String str22=f2+"";                                       //基本数据类型                    String str3=String.valueOf(f1);                    String str33=f1+"";

 

 

==  比较Integer的数值，如果在 -128~127之间，包括边界，此时结果为true，超出范围为false

public static  void main(String[] args) {                                       int  a=123;                    int  b=123;                    boolean f= a==b;//true                                       Integer a1=123;                    Integer b1=123;                    boolean f1= a1==b1;//true                                         Integer a2=127;                    Integer b2=127;                    boolean f2= a2==b2;//true                                         Integer a3=128;                    Integer b3=128;                    boolean f3= a3==b3;//false                                       Integer a4=-128;                    Integer b4=-128;                    boolean f4= a4==b4;//true                      Integer a5=-129;                    Integer b5=-129;                    boolean f5= a5==b5;//false                                       System.out.println();          }

 

 

 

 

• BigDecimal

提供加减乘除运行，主要基本数据类型运算时因为二进制，没办法先想要的结果，可以通过他进行处理

BigDecimal a=new BigDecimal("8.0");//需要写数据对应的字符串                    BigDecimal b=new BigDecimal("4.0");                                       BigDecimal c=a.subtract(b);//a-b  div                                       //BigDecimal c=a.divide(b);                                       double result=c.doubleValue();//将BigDecimal转为double                                       System.out.println(result);                                       System.out.println(1.0/7);

 

 

 

• 运行时

Runtime开启和关闭应用

Runtime runTime=Runtime.getRuntime();                                       //通过该程序打卡一个应用                    String fileName="C:/Windows/system32/calc.exe";                                       Process process=runTime.exec(fileName);                                       Thread.sleep(1000*10);//程序                                       //关闭Process                    process.destroy();

 查看jvm中现在的内存消耗情况

Runtime runTime=Runtime.getRuntime();                    //空闲的内存                    long freeM=runTime.freeMemory();                    //最大内存                    long max=runTime.maxMemory();                    //总内存                    long count =runTime.totalMemory();                    System.out.println("期望的最大："+max+",总内存："+count+",可用内存："+freeM+",已用内存"+(count-freeM));                                      System.out.println("+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++");                    Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);                                       int[] arr= {1234,3455,4566,456,678,567,567,456,4567,4567};                                       runTime.gc();//垃圾回收机进行运行                                       //空闲的内存                    freeM=runTime.freeMemory();                    //总内存                     count =runTime.totalMemory();                     System.out.println("期望的最大："+max+",总内存："+count+",可用内存："+freeM+",已用内存"+(count-freeM));