文章目录
本文主要参考自相关书籍和网络文章,并附上自身的一些理解,如有遗漏或错误,还望海涵并指出。谢谢!
一、什么是远程过程调用
1.1、一体化调用
当使用单机服务时,所有的接口、服务都集中在一台服务器上,此时进行的是单体的函数调用(只通过操作系统自身的堆、栈、代码段等),接口之间的调用不需要通过网络来进行。
1.2、远程过程调用
单体服务被拆分为分布式服务时,接口之间的调用会存在跨机器的调用,此时需要借助网络来进行服务通信,然后进行远程调用。
远程过程调用的形式有很多,最基础的是通过网络传递调用方的参数或序列化后的对象(严格地说,网络传输信道中只存在二进制流)传递给服务提供方,服务提供方接收到参数后调用本地接口进行处理(或再次调用远程服务),然后将产生的结果序列化后通过网络响应给调用方,这就是最基本的远程调用过程了。
当然了,真正的RPC框架(dubbo、thrift)肯定会有更加复杂的实现,譬如请求重试、请求降级、网络拥塞判断等等,这里只是简单地实现核心的操作,重点在于如何通过Socket“远程调用”,方便加深对RPC的理解。
二、用Java实现简单RPC
首先,定义一个接口和实现类:
- UserService
public interface UserService {
User getUser(long id);
User addUser(long id, String name, int age);
}
- UserServiceImpl
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
@Override
public User getUser(long id) {
// 获取User
System.out.println("Server:getUser");
return new User(id, "DtnamicRpcTest", 20);
}
@Override
public User addUser(long id, String name, int age) {
// 添加User
System.out.println("Server:addUser");
return new User(id, name, age);
}
}
2.1、业务侵入型Socket
- Client
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
try (
Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 8888);
ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(bos);
) {
// 获取id为10的User
dos.writeLong(10);
// 通过socket远程调用server的生成user方法
socket.getOutputStream().write(bos.toByteArray());
socket.getOutputStream().flush();
// 接受响应
try (
DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
) {
long id = dis.readLong();
int age = dis.readInt();
String name = dis.readUTF();
User user = new User(id, name, age);
System.out.println("通过RPC调用Server方法,获取到User:" + user);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
- Server
public class Server {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8888);
while (true) {
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
process(socket);
socket.close();
}
}
private static void process(Socket socket) throws IOException {
try (
DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
) {
long id = dis.readLong();
// 调用server的生成user方法
System.out.println("Server的服务被调用");
UserService userService = new UserServiceImpl();
User user = userService.getUser(id);
// 通过该sokcet将user所需的id、name和age返回
dos.writeLong(user.getId());
dos.writeInt(user.getAge());
dos.writeUTF(user.getName());
// 写回
dos.flush();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
2.2、无业务侵入型Socket
- Client
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
// 使用stub封装底层通信细节
Stub stub = new Stub();
stub.getUser(10);
}
}
- Server
public class Server {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8888);
while (true) {
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
process(socket);
socket.close();
}
}
private static void process(Socket socket) throws IOException {
DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
long id = dis.readLong();
// 调用server的生成user方法
System.out.println("Server的服务被调用");
UserService userService = new UserServiceImpl();
User user = userService.getUser(id);
// 通过该sokcet将user所需的id、name和age返回
dos.writeLong(user.getId());
dos.writeInt(user.getAge());
dos.writeUTF(user.getName());
// 写回
dos.flush();
}
}
- Stub
public class Stub {
public User getUser(long id) throws IOException {
Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 8888);
ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(bos);
// 获取特定id的User
dos.writeLong(id);
// 通过socket远程调用server的生成user方法
socket.getOutputStream().write(bos.toByteArray());
socket.getOutputStream().flush();
// 接受响应
DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
int age = dis.readInt();
String name = dis.readUTF();
User user = new User(id, name, age);
System.out.println("通过RPC调用Server方法,获取到User:"+ user);
dos.close();
dis.close();
socket.close();
return user;
}
}
2.3、动态代理无业务侵入型Socket
- Client
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
UserService userService = (UserService) Stub.getStub(UserService.class);
User user1 = userService.getUser(10);
System.out.println(user1);
User user2 = userService.addUser(11, "ARong", 21);
System.out.println(user2);
}
}
- Server
public class Server {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8888);
while (true) {
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
process(socket);
socket.close();
}
}
private static void process(Socket socket) throws Exception {
System.out.println("Server的服务被调用");
// 使用try-with-resource的方式处理资源,无需手动close
try (
InputStream in = socket.getInputStream();
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(in);
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
) {
// 获取到client端传过来的接口名+方法名+参数类型列表+参数列表
String interfaceName = ois.readUTF();
String methodName = ois.readUTF();
System.out.println("server:获取到的接口名称为:" + interfaceName + ",方法名为:" + methodName);
Class[] types = (Class[]) ois.readObject();
Object[] args = (Object[]) ois.readObject();
// 根据注册表查到该接口对应的具体业务实现类,然后通过反射获取该实现类(这里忽略了)
UserServiceImpl userService = new UserServiceImpl();
Method method = userService.getClass().getMethod(methodName, types);
User user = (User) method.invoke(userService, args);
// 将user对象返回
oos.writeObject(user);
// 追加空对象
oos.writeObject(null);
oos.flush();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
- Stub
public class Stub {
/*
* @Author ARong
* @Description 使用clazz获取指定代理对象
* @Date 2020/4/29 1:09 下午
* @Param [clazz]
* @return java.lang.Object
**/
public static Object getStub(Class clazz) {
InvocationHandler h = new InvocationHandler() {
@Override
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
// 构建代理方法
try (
Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 8888);
ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bos);
) {
// 获取当前的接口名称
String interfaceName = clazz.getName();
// 获取需要调用的方法名和参数类型列表
String methodName = method.getName();
Class<?>[] parameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
// 将接口名+方法名+参数类型列表+参数列表写给server端
oos.writeUTF(interfaceName);
oos.writeUTF(methodName);
oos.writeObject(parameterTypes);
oos.writeObject(args);
// 追加空对象,防止读取时出现EOF异常
oos.writeObject(null);
socket.getOutputStream().write(bos.toByteArray());
socket.getOutputStream().flush();
// 获取到返回的user对象
try (ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(socket.getInputStream());) {
User user = (User) ois.readObject();
return user;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
};
// 生成代理对象
Object o = Proxy.newProxyInstance(clazz.getClassLoader(), new Class[]{clazz}, h);
return o;
}
}
2.4、Hessian序列化协议
- TestHessian
public class TestHessian {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
hessian();
}
private static void hessian() throws IOException {
User user = new User(1, "HessianTest", 20);
ByteArrayOutputStream bis1 = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
// 使用JDK序列化
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bis1);
oos.writeObject(user);
oos.flush();
System.out.println("JDK序列化字节长度:"+bis1.toByteArray().length);
// 使用hessian序列化
ByteArrayOutputStream bis2 = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
Hessian2Output hop = new Hessian2Output(bis2);
hop.writeObject(user);
hop.flush();
System.out.println("Hessian序列化字节长度:"+bis2.toByteArray().length);
Hessian2Input hit = new Hessian2Input();
ByteArrayInputStream bis = new ByteArrayInputStream(bis2.toByteArray());
hit.init(bis);
System.out.println(hit.readObject());
}
}
2.5、RMI远程方法调用协议
https://juejin.im/post/5bdfa4c76fb9a049e062c6ea
2.6、Dubbo服务治理框架
https://dubbo.apache.org/zh-cn/index.html