R语言-交互数据可视化

#3.1.3 交互数据可视化

#plotly是个交互式可视化的第三方库

#http://plot.ly/

plot_ly(x,y,type) #通过设置其中的参数type来变换图表类型

## 读取数据 ##

rm(list = ls())

# install.packages("plotly")

library(plotly) #实现交互可视化

# install.packages(plyr)

library(plyr)

# install.packages("reshape")

library(reshape)

#本章节所用例子数据

load("AAPL.rda")

load("pm2.5.rda")

novel = read.csv("novel.csv", fileEncoding = "UTF-8", stringsAsFactors = F)

names(beijing) = iconv(names(beijing), "utf-8", "gbk")  # 解决Windows用户中文乱码问题，Mac用户可跳过

head(AAPL)

head(beijing)

### 单个变量 ###

## 柱状图 ##

#(1)单个定性变量--柱状图

plot_ly(x,y,type="bar")#绘出柱状图

#例：

(region = colnames(beijing))

(ave = colMeans(beijing, na.rm = TRUE))

(p = plot_ly(x = region, y = ave, type = "bar"))

#通过marker中的color可以用来设置柱子对应的颜色

#将想要的颜色的RGB值以及alpha透明度值输入rgba就可以达到目的

#例：

(p = plot_ly(x = region, y = ave, type = "bar",

marker = list(color = c('rgba(204,204,204,1)', 'rgba(204,204,204,1)', 'rgba(204,204,204,1)',

'rgba(204,204,204,1)', 'rgba(204,204,204,1)', 'rgba(204,204,204,1)',

'rgba(204,204,204,1)', 'rgba(222,45,38,0.8)'))

))

## 饼图 ##

#(2)单个定性变量--饼图

plot_ly(pieData, values = ~ value, labels = ~ group, type = "pie")

#labels 用来设置类别名称，values用来指定类别的频数

#例：

(pieData = data.frame(value = c(10, 30, 40), group = c("A", "B", "C")))

(p = plot_ly(pieData, values = ~ value, labels = ~ group, type = "pie"))

layout()#调整布局

#例：

layout(p,

xaxis = list(showgrid = FALSE, zeroline = FALSE, showticklabels = FALSE),

yaxis = list(showgrid = FALSE, zeroline = FALSE, showticklabels = FALSE))

#xaxis,yaxis用来修整横纵坐标轴

#showgrid设置为FALSE用来去除图后面的网格线

#zeroline设置为FALSE用来不显示横（纵）坐标的坐标轴

#showticklabels设置为FALSE用来擦掉原先分布在坐标轴上的数字

## 直方图 ##

#(3)单个定量变量--直方图

head(AAPL)

plot_ly(AAPL, x = ~ Volume, type = "histogram")#表示将Volume变量映射到x轴上

# 增加坐标轴及标题信息

p = plot_ly(AAPL, x = ~ Volume, type = "histogram")

#设置图形的标题和横纵轴内容需要另外采用layout()来单独定义

layout(p,

title = "苹果股票成交量分布直方图",

xaxis = list( title = "股票成交量", showgrid = F),

yaxis = list( title = "频数"),

margin = list(l = 50, r = 50, b = 50, t = 50, pad = 4)

)

#margin增加了对图形左右下上边界的限制

## 折线图 ##

#(4)单个定量变量--折线图

plot_ly(mat, x = ~ Date, y = ~ AAPL, type = 'scatter', mode = 'lines')

#关键参数在于设置type="scatter",mode="lines"

# 苹果公司股价变化图，Date为时间，Adj.Close为股票每日的调整收盘价

mat = data.frame(Date = AAPL$Date,

AAPL = round(AAPL$Adj.Close, 2))

p = plot_ly(mat, x = ~ Date, y = ~ AAPL, type = 'scatter', mode = 'lines')

layout(p, xaxis = list(title = " ", showticklabels = TRUE, tickfont = list(size = 8)))

# 文中小作业：添加发布会日期(page157)

# 添加苹果发布会日期，其中%>%为管道符号，符号前面的结果可以作为符号后面函数的第一个参数输入

apple = data.frame(Date = AAPL$Date,

price = round(AAPL$Adj.Close, 2))

rownames(apple) = AAPL$Date

annouced = c("2010-06-07", "2011-10-04", "2012-09-12", "2013-09-10", "2014-09-09", "2015-09-09", "2016-09-08")

product = c("iPhone 4", "iPhone 4s", "iPhone 5", "iPhone 5s", "iPhone 6", "iPhone 6s", "iPhone 7")

(p = plot_ly(apple,x = ~ Date) %>%

add_trace(y = ~ price, type = 'scatter', mode = 'lines', name = "股票价格") %>%

add_trace(x = annouced, y = apple[annouced, "price"], type = 'scatter', mode = 'text', text = product, textposition = 'down', showlegend = FALSE ) %>%

add_trace(x = annouced, y = apple[annouced, "price"], type = 'scatter', mode = 'markers', name = "发布会" ) %>%

layout(title = "苹果股票价格与新苹果手机的发布",

xaxis = list(title = " ", showticklabels = TRUE, tickfont = list(size = 8)),

yaxis = list(title = "调整收盘价（美元）"),

margin = list(l = 50, r = 50, b = 50, t = 50, pad = 4)))

### 两个变量 ###

## 箱线图 ##

#(5)定性与定量变量--分组箱线图

plot_ly(novel_finish, y = ~ 总字数, color = ~ 小说类型, type = "box")

#例：

# 选择已经完成小说

novel_finish = novel[novel$写作进程 %in% c("已经完本", "接近尾声", "出版中"), ]

medi = ddply(novel_finish, .(小说类型), function(x) {median(x$总字数)})

medi = medi[order(medi$V1, decreasing = T), ]

novel_finish$小说类型 = factor(novel_finish$小说类型, levels = medi$小说类型)

(p = plot_ly(novel_finish, y = ~ 总字数, color = ~ 小说类型, type = "box"))

## 散点图 ##

#(6)两个定量变量--散点图

(p = plot_ly(novel, x = ~ 总点击数, y = ~ 评论数, type = "scatter", mode = "markers"))

## 分组箱线图 ##

#(7)两个定性变量--分组柱状图

plot_ly(novel, x = ~ 小说类型, color = ~ 小说性质, type = "histogram")

#画分组柱状图应设置type="histogram"

#例：

novel = novel[!novel$小说性质 == "", ]

p = plot_ly(novel, x = ~ 小说类型, color = ~ 小说性质, type = "histogram")

layout(p,

title = "不同小说的作品类型分布",

xaxis = list( title = "小说类型", showgrid = F, showticklabels = TRUE, tickfont = list(size = 10)),

yaxis = list( title = "频数"),

margin = list(l = 50, r = 50, b = 50, t = 50, pad = 4)

)

######################################################

#总结#

library(plotly) #实现交互可视化

library(plyr)

library(reshape)

plot_ly(x,y,type) #通过设置其中的参数type来变换图表类型

### 单个变量 ###

#(1)单个定性变量--柱状图

plot_ly(x,y,type="bar")#绘出柱状图

rgba() #设置柱子颜色以及透明度

#(2)单个定性变量--饼图

plot_ly(pieData, values = ~ value, labels = ~ group, type = "pie")#labels 用来设置类别名称，values用来指定类别的频数

layout()#调整布局，隐藏横纵轴

#(3)单个定量变量--直方图

plot_ly(AAPL, x = ~ Volume, type = "histogram")

layout()#设置图形的标题和横纵轴内容需要另外采用layout()来单独定义

#(4)单个定量变量--折线图

plot_ly(mat, x = ~ Date, y = ~ AAPL, type = 'scatter', mode = 'lines')#关键参数在于设置type="scatter",mode="lines"

### 两个变量 ###

#(5)定性与定量变量--分组箱线图

plot_ly(novel_finish, y = ~ 总字数, color = ~ 小说类型, type = "box")

#(6)两个定量变量--散点图

plot_ly(novel, x = ~ 总点击数, y = ~ 评论数, type = "scatter", mode = "markers")

#(7)两个定性变量--分组柱状图

plot_ly(novel, x = ~ 小说类型, color = ~ 小说性质, type = "histogram")#画分组柱状图应设置type="histogram"

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