链表的头文件以及一些简单的应用

最近软基的作业中，链表十分常用。于是将链表的声明和一些常用的功能封装到头文件里，以后直接引用就可以了。一下是链表的头文件：

list.h：

/************************************************************
 * list.h                                                   *
 * To implement the list.                                   *
 * by Eric Brown.                                           *
 ************************************************************/

#ifndef LIST_H
#define LIST_H

typedef struct node_type
{
    int data;
    struct node_type *next;
}nodetype;

typedef struct list_type
{
    nodetype *head;
    int length;
}listtype;

/*list_init: to create a list.*/
listtype * list_create(void);

/*list_print: to print a list.*/
void list_print(listtype *list);

/*list_insert: to insert a node in a list by its address.*/
listtype * list_insert(listtype *list, int location, int data);

/*list_delete: to delete a node by its value.*/
int list_delete(listtype *list, int data);

/*list_input: to input a list.*/
listtype * list_input(listtype *list, int length);

/*list_delete_node: delete a certain node.*/
listtype * list_delete_node(listtype *list, nodetype *node);

/*list_add: to add a node.*/
nodetype * list_add(listtype *list, int data);

#endif

list.c：

/************************************************************
 * list.c                                                   *
 * by Eric Brown.                                           *
 ************************************************************/

#include "list.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

/*node_insert: to insert a node behind the node.*/
nodetype * node_insert(nodetype *node, int data);

/*node_delete: to delete a node from the list.*/
nodetype * node_delete(nodetype *cur, nodetype *pre);

void error(int err);

listtype * list_create(void)
{
    listtype *list;
    
    list = (listtype *)malloc(sizeof(listtype));
    if (list == NULL)
        error(1);
    
    list->length = 0;
    list->head = NULL;
    return list;
}

nodetype * node_insert(nodetype *node, int data)
{
    nodetype *temp;
    
    temp = (nodetype *)malloc(sizeof(nodetype));
    if (temp == NULL)
        error(1);
    
    temp->data = data;
    temp->next = node->next;
    node->next = temp;
    return temp;
}

void list_print(listtype *list)
{
    nodetype *temp;
    
    if (list->length == 0 || list->head == NULL)
    {
        printf("This is an empty list!\n");
        return ;
    }
    
    temp = list->head;
    while (temp != NULL)
    {
        printf("%d\t", temp->data);
        temp = temp->next;
    }
    printf("\n\n");
}

listtype * list_input(listtype *list, int num)
{
    int temp;
    nodetype *cur, *next;
    
    if (num <= 0)
        error(2);
    
    cur = list->head;
    if (cur == NULL)
    {
        scanf("%d", &temp);
        cur = (nodetype *)malloc(sizeof(nodetype));
        cur->data = temp;
        num--;
        list->length = 1;
        list->head = cur;
    } else{
        while (cur->next != NULL)
            cur = cur->next;
    }
    while (num--)
    {
        scanf("%d", &temp);
        next = (nodetype *)malloc(sizeof(nodetype));
        next->data = temp;
        cur->next = next;
        cur = next;
        list->length++;
    }
    cur->next = NULL;

    return list;
}

listtype * list_insert(listtype *list, int location, int data)
{
    nodetype *temp, *cur;
    
    cur = list->head;
    if (location > 0 && location <= list->length)
    {
        while(--location)
            cur = cur->next;
            
        node_insert(cur, data);
    } 
    else if(location == 0)
    {
        temp = (nodetype *)malloc(sizeof(nodetype));
        temp->data = data;
        temp->next = list->head;
        list->head = temp;
    }
    else 
    {
        error(3);
    }
    
    list->length++;
    
    return list;
}

nodetype * node_delete(nodetype *cur, nodetype *pre)
{
    pre->next = cur->next;
    free(cur);
    return pre;
}

int list_delete(listtype *list, int data)
{
    nodetype *cur, *pre;
    
    for (cur = list->head, pre = NULL; 
         cur->data != data && cur != NULL;
         pre = cur, cur = cur->next)
        ;
    
    if (cur == NULL)
    {
        printf("Can't find the data!\n");
        return 0;
    }
    else if(cur != list->head)
    {
        node_delete(cur, pre);
    }
    else if(cur == list->head) 
    {
        list->head = cur->next;
        free(cur);
    }
    
    list->length--;
    return data;
}

listtype * list_delete_node(listtype *list, nodetype *node)
{
    nodetype *pre;
    
    if (node == list->head)
    {
        list->head = node->next;
        free(node);
        list->length--;
    }
    else 
    {
        pre = list->head;
        while(pre->next != node)
            pre = pre->next;
            
        node_delete(node, pre);
    }
    return list;
}


nodetype * list_add(listtype *list, int data)
{
    nodetype *cur, *temp;
    
    for (cur = list->head; 
         cur != NULL && cur->next != NULL; 
         cur = cur->next)
        ;
    
    temp = (nodetype *)malloc(sizeof(nodetype));
    temp->data = data;
    temp->next = NULL;
    if (list->length == 0)
        list->head = temp;
    else
        cur->next = temp;
    
    list->length++;
    return temp;
}
    
void error(int err)
{
    switch(err)
    {
        case 1:
            printf("RAM error!\n");
            break;
        case 2:
            printf("Length error!\n");
            break;
        case 3:
            printf("Location error!\n");
            break;
        default:
            printf("Unknown error!\n");
    }
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}

以下是一些功能的测试：

test.c：

#include <stdio.h>
#include "list.h"

int main(void)
{
    listtype *list;
    int length, location, data;
    
    list = list_create();
    
    for (;;)
    {
        printf("Please input the length of the list:");
        scanf("%d", &length);
        
        if (length <= 0)
            break;
            
        list_input(list, length);
        list_print(list);
    }
    
    for (;;)
    {
        printf("Please input the data you want to insert:");
        scanf("%d", &data);
        printf("The location:");
        scanf("%d", &location);
        if (location < 0)
            break;
        list_insert(list, location, data);
        list_print(list);
    }
    
    for(;;)
    {
        printf("Please input the data you want to delete:");
        scanf("%d", &data);
        if(data == 0)
            break;
        list_delete(list, data);
        list_print(list);
    }
    
    return 0;
}

以下是运行结果：

以下是两个乱序链表应用归并排序的程序：

order.c：

#include "list.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

/*find_min: to find the min num of the list.*/
nodetype * find_min(listtype *list);

/*order: to order two lists.*/
listtype * order(listtype *listA, listtype *listB);

int main(void)
{
    listtype *listA, *listB, *result;
    nodetype *node;
    int lengthA, lengthB;
    
    listA = list_create();
    listB = list_create();
    
    printf("listA:\n");
    printf("length:");
    scanf("%d", &lengthA);
    list_input(listA, lengthA);
    
    printf("listB:\n");
    printf("length:");
    scanf("%d", &lengthB);
    
    list_input(listB, lengthB);
    
    result = order(listA, listB);
    
    list_print(result);
    
    return 0;
}

nodetype * find_min(listtype *list)
{
    nodetype *cur, *min;
    cur = min = list->head;
    
    while (cur != NULL)
    {
        if (cur->data < min->data)
            min = cur;
        cur = cur->next;
    }
    
    return min;
}

listtype * order(listtype *listA, listtype *listB)
{
    nodetype *nodeA, *nodeB, *tail, *temp;
    listtype *result;
    
    result = list_create();
    
    nodeA = find_min(listA);
    nodeB = find_min(listB);
    do
    {
        if (nodeA->data < nodeB->data)
        {
            list_add(result, nodeA->data);
            list_delete_node(listA, nodeA);
        }
        else 
        {
            list_add(result, nodeB->data);
            list_delete_node(listB, nodeB);
        }
        nodeA = find_min(listA);
        nodeB = find_min(listB);
    }while(nodeA != NULL && nodeB != NULL);   
        
    for (tail = result->head; tail->next != NULL; tail = tail->next)
        ;
    if (nodeA == NULL)
        while (nodeB != NULL)
        {
            temp = (nodetype *)malloc(sizeof(nodetype));
            temp->data = nodeB->data;
            tail->next = temp;
            tail = temp;
            list_delete_node(listB, nodeB);
            nodeB =find_min(listB);
        }
        
    if (nodeB == NULL)
        while (nodeA != NULL)
        {
            temp = (nodetype *)malloc(sizeof(nodetype));
            temp->data = nodeA->data;
            tail->next = temp;
            tail = temp;
            list_delete_node(listA, nodeA);
            nodeA =find_min(listA);
        }
        
    tail->next = NULL;
    return result;
}
   

以下是运行结果：