定义:提供一种比扩展更灵活的选择(实际上还是用了组合),给对象动态地添加额外的功能。
使用场景: 当需要给已有功能添加额外的功能时
类图:
代码样例:JDK内置的输入流代码(如PushbackInputStream)
public class StarbuzzCoffee {
public static void main(String args[]) {
Beverage beverage = new Espresso();
System.out.println(beverage.getDescription()
+ " $" + beverage.cost());
Beverage beverage2 = new DarkRoast();
beverage2 = new Mocha(beverage2);
beverage2 = new Mocha(beverage2);
beverage2 = new Whip(beverage2);
System.out.println(beverage2.getDescription()
+ " $" + beverage2.cost());
Beverage beverage3 = new HouseBlend();
beverage3 = new Soy(beverage3);
beverage3 = new Mocha(beverage3);
beverage3 = new Whip(beverage3);
System.out.println(beverage3.getDescription()
+ " $" + beverage3.cost());
}
}
public abstract class Beverage {
String description = "Unknown Beverage";
public String getDescription() {
return description;
}
public abstract double cost();
}
public abstract class CondimentDecorator extends Beverage {
public abstract String getDescription();
}
public class Milk extends CondimentDecorator {
Beverage beverage;
public Milk(Beverage beverage) {
this.beverage = beverage;
}
public String getDescription() {
return beverage.getDescription() + ", Milk";
}
public double cost() {
return .10 + beverage.cost();
}
}
public class Mocha extends CondimentDecorator {
Beverage beverage;
public Mocha(Beverage beverage) {
this.beverage = beverage;
}
public String getDescription() {
return beverage.getDescription() + ", Mocha";
}
public double cost() {
return .20 + beverage.cost();
}
}
public class Soy extends CondimentDecorator {
Beverage beverage;
public Soy(Beverage beverage) {
this.beverage = beverage;
}
public String getDescription() {
return beverage.getDescription() + ", Soy";
}
public double cost() {
return .15 + beverage.cost();
}
}
优点:1)能够在运行时动态的给已有对象添加一些额外的功能;
缺点:1)增加了代码的复杂性
类似的设计模式:
配套的内功心法:1)类应该开放扩展功能,关闭修改功能(Open-Closed Principle),当然这个原则应该慎用,到处都使用会导致代码变得很复杂,可读性变差;