SSM框架 -- SpringMVC -- 异常处理器、拦截器

SpringMVC

一 springmvc的统一异常处理器

定义统一异常处理步骤

1 创建错误页面
2 创建类实现接口HandlerExceptionResolver
3 配置异常处理器（交给spring容器管理）

MyException

package cn.itcast.exception;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class MyException implements HandlerExceptionResolver {

    @Override //为所有异常方法做统一处理
    public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) {

        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        modelAndView.addObject("msg","不好意思，程序出现了错误，请骚后再来...");
        modelAndView.setViewName("error");
        return modelAndView;
    }
}

spring-mvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="cn.itcast.web"></context:component-scan>

    <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>

    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/jsp/"></property>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>

    <!--注册统一异常处理器-->
    <bean class="cn.itcast.exception.MyException"></bean>
</beans>

二 拦截器

拦截器的作用和过滤器的作用是一样的，都是对访问资源时的一种请求拦截

虽然他们作用是一样的，但是也有区别：

1 过滤器是servlet规范中的一部分，任何java web工程都可以使用
2 拦截器是springmvc框架自己的，只有使用了springmvc框架的工程才能使用
3 拦截器和过滤器能够同时使用 优先级：过滤器>拦截器

自定义拦截器

1.自定义拦截器：实现HandlerInterceptor
2.配置拦截器（springmvc.xml）

MyInterceptor1

public class MyInterceptor1 implements HandlerInterceptor {

    @Override //在控制器方法之前执行
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("之前...");
        return true;
    }

    @Override  //在控制器方法之后执行
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("之后...");
    }

    @Override  //整个响应结束最终执行 条件：preHandle的返回值true
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("响应结束..");
    }
}

MyInterceptor2

package cn.itcast.interceptor;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class MyInterceptor2 implements HandlerInterceptor {

    @Override //在控制器方法之前执行
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("之前2...");
        return true;
    }

    @Override  //在控制器方法之后执行
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("之后2...");
    }

    @Override  //整个响应结束最终执行 条件：preHandle的返回值true
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("响应结束2..");
    }
}

spring-mvc.xml

<mvc:interceptors>
                <mvc:interceptor>
                        <mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
                        <bean class="cn.itcast.interceptor.MyInterceptor1"></bean>
                </mvc:interceptor>

                <mvc:interceptor>
                        <mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
                        <bean class="cn.itcast.interceptor.MyInterceptor2"></bean>
                </mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>

拦截器小demo案例：用户登录能访问查询资源 未登录无法访问

//拦截器实现的需求：该方法只有登录用户才能访问执行 如果不是登录用户跳转到登录页面进行登录
    @RequestMapping(value = "/findAll")
    public String findAll(){
        System.out.println("去数据库查到所有用户的信息");
        return "index";
    }

public class LoginInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    @Override //在执行控制器controller核心方法之前执行
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {

        Object user =(User)request.getSession().getAttribute("user");
        if(user==null){
            // 用户如果是不登录的 就到登录页面
            response.sendRedirect("/login.jsp");
            return false;
        }
        // 用户如果是登录的 就放行
        return true;
    }
}

<mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
            <!--排出不需要拦截的资源-->
            <mvc:exclude-mapping path="/login.do"></mvc:exclude-mapping>

            <bean class="cn.itcast.interceptor.LoginInterceptor"></bean>
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>

<body>
            <h2>登录</h2>
            <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login.do" method="post">
                用户名：<input type="text" name="username" />
                密码：<input type="password" name="password" />
                <input type="submit" value="登录">
            </form>
</body>

@RequestMapping(value = "/login")
    public String login(User user, HttpSession session){
        System.out.println(user);
        session.setAttribute("user",user);
        return "index";
    }