android反地址解析和解析复杂一点的json数据

最近在做一个android应用，需要粗略定位获取用户所在城市，利用GPS获得坐标后，调用google的反向地址解析接口

String path = "http://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/geocode/json?latlng=34.415973384481866,109.599609375&sensor=true";便可得到一个json数据

{
   "results" : [
      {
         "address_components" : [
            {
               "long_name" : "Xisan Rd",
               "short_name" : "Y398",
               "types" : [ "route" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Linwei",
               "short_name" : "Linwei",
               "types" : [ "sublocality", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Weinan",
               "short_name" : "Weinan",
               "types" : [ "locality", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Shaanxi",
               "short_name" : "Shaanxi",
               "types" : [ "administrative_area_level_1", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "China",
               "short_name" : "CN",
               "types" : [ "country", "political" ]
            }
         ],
         "formatted_address" : "Xisan Rd, Linwei, Weinan, Shaanxi, China",
         "geometry" : {
            "bounds" : {
               "northeast" : {
                  "lat" : 34.43291650,
                  "lng" : 109.60018280
               },
               "southwest" : {
                  "lat" : 34.42992760,
                  "lng" : 109.57636530
               }
            },
            "location" : {
               "lat" : 34.43142240,
               "lng" : 109.58825590
            },
            "location_type" : "APPROXIMATE",
            "viewport" : {
               "northeast" : {
                  "lat" : 34.43291650,
                  "lng" : 109.60018280
               },
               "southwest" : {
                  "lat" : 34.42992760,
                  "lng" : 109.57636530
               }
            }
         },
         "types" : [ "route" ]
      },
      {
         "address_components" : [
            {
               "long_name" : "Linwei",
               "short_name" : "Linwei",
               "types" : [ "sublocality", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Weinan",
               "short_name" : "Weinan",
               "types" : [ "locality", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Shaanxi",
               "short_name" : "Shaanxi",
               "types" : [ "administrative_area_level_1", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "China",
               "short_name" : "CN",
               "types" : [ "country", "political" ]
            }
         ],
         "formatted_address" : "Linwei, Weinan, Shaanxi, China",
         "geometry" : {
            "bounds" : {
               "northeast" : {
                  "lat" : 34.79253820,
                  "lng" : 109.76599990
               },
               "southwest" : {
                  "lat" : 34.23814540,
                  "lng" : 109.38916780
               }
            },
            "location" : {
               "lat" : 34.4981920,
               "lng" : 109.4927260
            },
            "location_type" : "APPROXIMATE",
            "viewport" : {
               "northeast" : {
                  "lat" : 34.79253820,
                  "lng" : 109.76599990
               },
               "southwest" : {
                  "lat" : 34.23814540,
                  "lng" : 109.38916780
               }
            }
         },
         "types" : [ "sublocality", "political" ]
      },
      {
         "address_components" : [
            {
               "long_name" : "Weinan",
               "short_name" : "Weinan",
               "types" : [ "locality", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Shaanxi",
               "short_name" : "Shaanxi",
               "types" : [ "administrative_area_level_1", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "China",
               "short_name" : "CN",
               "types" : [ "country", "political" ]
            }
         ],
         "formatted_address" : "Weinan, Shaanxi, China",
         "geometry" : {
            "bounds" : {
               "northeast" : {
                  "lat" : 35.85415640,
                  "lng" : 110.60933170
               },
               "southwest" : {
                  "lat" : 34.20975990,
                  "lng" : 108.96733540
               }
            },
            "location" : {
               "lat" : 34.4999950,
               "lng" : 109.5097860
            },
            "location_type" : "APPROXIMATE",
            "viewport" : {
               "northeast" : {
                  "lat" : 34.5805260,
                  "lng" : 109.61952210
               },
               "southwest" : {
                  "lat" : 34.40507940,
                  "lng" : 109.35104370
               }
            }
         },
         "types" : [ "locality", "political" ]
      },
      {
         "address_components" : [
            {
               "long_name" : "Shaanxi",
               "short_name" : "Shaanxi",
               "types" : [ "administrative_area_level_1", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "China",
               "short_name" : "CN",
               "types" : [ "country", "political" ]
            }
         ],
         "formatted_address" : "Shaanxi, China",
         "geometry" : {
            "bounds" : {
               "northeast" : {
                  "lat" : 39.58701050,
                  "lng" : 111.24805440
               },
               "southwest" : {
                  "lat" : 31.70505980,
                  "lng" : 105.4919490
               }
            },
            "location" : {
               "lat" : 34.2654720,
               "lng" : 108.9542390
            },
            "location_type" : "APPROXIMATE",
            "viewport" : {
               "northeast" : {
                  "lat" : 39.58701050,
                  "lng" : 111.24805440
               },
               "southwest" : {
                  "lat" : 31.70505980,
                  "lng" : 105.4919490
               }
            }
         },
         "types" : [ "administrative_area_level_1", "political" ]
      },
      {
         "address_components" : [
            {
               "long_name" : "China",
               "short_name" : "CN",
               "types" : [ "country", "political" ]
            }
         ],
         "formatted_address" : "China",
         "geometry" : {
            "bounds" : {
               "northeast" : {
                  "lat" : 53.56097399999999,
                  "lng" : 134.77280990
               },
               "southwest" : {
                  "lat" : 18.15352160,
                  "lng" : 73.49941360
               }
            },
            "location" : {
               "lat" : 35.861660,
               "lng" : 104.1953970
            },
            "location_type" : "APPROXIMATE",
            "viewport" : {
               "northeast" : {
                  "lat" : 53.56097399999999,
                  "lng" : 134.77280990
               },
               "southwest" : {
                  "lat" : 18.15352160,
                  "lng" : 73.49941360
               }
            }
         },
         "types" : [ "country", "political" ]
      }
   ],
   "status" : "OK"
}

我的目的是解析其中的WeiNan(渭南)。

一步一步来

1、创建android项目（我的版本是2.2.3），取名为GetLocation；

2、布局

activity_main.xml：

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal" >

        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/latID"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:hint="@string/lat" />

        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/lngID"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:hint="@string/lng" />
    </LinearLayout>

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/buutonID"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginLeft="70dp"
        android:text="@string/showButton" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/positionID"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

</LinearLayout>

3、编写业务类

在业务类进行json数据的解析，在android应用中利用json与服务器进行数据交互效率比XML快，因为很多时候解析json不需要遍历整个数据。
json中用大括号{}包含的数据是json对象：

json中用中括号[]包含的数据是json数组：

可以看到，在业务类中，反反复复获取json对象和json数组，最终解析到我们想要的数据。

Geocoding.java:

public class Geocoding {
	public static String getJsonData(String lat,String lng) throws Exception {
		//请求路径
	
		String path = "http://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/geocode/json?latlng="+lat+","+lng+"&sensor=true";
		URL url = new URL(path);
		HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();		
		conn.setReadTimeout(5 * 1000);//设置超时时间		
		conn.setRequestMethod("GET");//设置请求方式
		InputStream instream = conn.getInputStream();//获取google服务器返回的数据流
		byte[] byteData = readInputStream(instream);//读取输入流
		String locality = new String();		
		String jsonString = new String(byteData);	
		JSONObject jsobj1 = new JSONObject(jsonString);	             //获取Json对象	
		JSONArray array1 = jsobj1.getJSONArray("results");           //获取Json数组
		JSONObject jsobj2 = array1.getJSONObject(0);                 //再获取Json对象
		JSONArray array2 = jsobj2.getJSONArray("address_components");//再获取Json数组		
		for (int i = 0; i < array2.length(); i++) {
			JSONObject jsobjFor = array2.getJSONObject(i);//获取对象
			String types = jsobjFor.getString("types");//获取值
			if ("[\"locality\",\"political\"]".equals(types)) {//检验是否匹配
				locality = jsobjFor.getString("long_name");
			}
		}
	return locality;
	}
	/*
	 * 流数据读取
	 */
	private static byte[] readInputStream(InputStream inStream) throws Exception {
		ByteArrayOutputStream outSteam = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
		byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
		int len = 0;
		while( (len = inStream.read(buffer)) !=-1 ){
			outSteam.write(buffer, 0, len);
		}
		outSteam.close();
		inStream.close();
		return outSteam.toByteArray();
	}

}

5、修改activity

MainActivity.java：

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
	EditText latEditText;
	EditText lngEditText;
	Button showButton;
	TextView positonTextView;
	
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        latEditText = (EditText)this.findViewById(R.id.latID);
        lngEditText = (EditText)this.findViewById(R.id.lngID);
        positonTextView = (TextView)this.findViewById(R.id.positionID);
        showButton = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.buutonID);
        showButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
			
			@Override
			public void onClick(View arg0) {
				String lat = latEditText.getText().toString();
				String lng = lngEditText.getText().toString();
				try{
					String position = Geocoding.getJsonData(lat,lng);
					positonTextView.setText("你所在的位置为："+position);
				}catch(Exception e){
					Log.e("MyTag",e.toString());					
				}
			}
		});
    }    
}






6、在Manifestxml中添加访问网络的权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" >
        </uses-permission>