20150618_OC之内存管理

内存管理引用计数:

//
//  Dog.h
//  IOS150618_ObjectiveC_内存管理
//
//  Created by Peng Junlong on 15/6/18.
//  Copyright (c) 2015年 Peng Junlong. All rights reserved.
//

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface Dog : NSObject
{
    NSString *_name;
    NSInteger _age;
}
@property (copy,nonatomic)NSString *name;
@property (assign,nonatomic)NSInteger age;
@end

//
//  Dog.m
//  IOS150618_ObjectiveC_内存管理
//
//  Created by Peng Junlong on 15/6/18.
//  Copyright (c) 2015年 Peng Junlong. All rights reserved.
//

#import "Dog.h"

@implementation Dog
@end

//
//  main.m
//  IOS150618_ObjectiveC_内存管理
//
//  Created by Peng Junlong on 15/6/18.
//  Copyright (c) 2015年 Peng Junlong. All rights reserved.
//

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Dog.h"

//************************
//*                      *
//*    内存管理引用计数     *
//*                      *
//************************

//内存管理方式:
//自动引用计数 automatic reference counting
//手动引用计数 manual reference counting
//在building setting里搜索gar,-->bjective-C Automatic Reference Counting,-->yes<->no,可以修改引用类型为手动还是自动

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
        //以下是手动引用计数
        Dog *dog = [[Dog alloc] init];
        Dog *dog1 =[[Dog alloc ] init]; //  两个对象,不是同一块内存
        NSLog(@"retainCount = %li,%p",dog.retainCount,dog);
        NSLog(@"retainCount = %li,%p",dog1.retainCount,dog1);
        //retain,对对象进项保留,增加对象的拥有权,使引用计数retainCount加1;
        //retain的前提是该对象存在,
        Dog *xiaoHei = [dog retain];
        NSLog(@"retainCount = %li",xiaoHei.retainCount);
        //直接指向一个对象,如Dog *xiaoHei = dog;这样的retainCount不加1,xiaoHei对该对象没有拥有权,
        //有两个指针指向同一块内存,但是只有一个对象具有拥有权,释放的时候只能释放一次
        
        Dog *xiaoBai = [xiaoHei retain];
        NSLog(@"retainCount = %li,%p",dog.retainCount,xiaoHei);
        NSLog(@"retainCount = %li,%p",dog1.retainCount,xiaoBai);
        
        //release 释放对象拥有权,引用计数器的值减1
        [xiaoHei release];
        xiaoHei = nil;
        NSLog(@"retainCount = %li",dog.retainCount);
        [xiaoBai release];
        xiaoBai = nil;
        NSLog(@"retainCount = %li",dog.retainCount);
        [dog release];  //最后一个对象释放这个对象的拥有权的时候系统会自动dealloc释放内存.(dealloc底层其实还是调用了C语言的free)
                        //但是不负责将内存清空,里面的值不会变,直到被其他对象重新申请这块内存.已经被释放的对象不能再向该对象发送消息
                        //故一般将对象释放之后会使其指向nil
        dog = nil;
        //该对象已经被释放了,不能再给对象发送消息
        //NSLog(@"retainCount = %li",dog.retainCount);//这个做法是错误的
    }
    return 0;
}

setter方法的展开:

//
//  Dog.h
//  IOS150618_ObjectiveC_setter方法的展开
//
//  Created by Peng Junlong on 15/6/18.
//  Copyright (c) 2015年 Peng Junlong. All rights reserved.
//

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface Dog : NSObject

@end

//
//  Person.m
//  IOS150618_ObjectiveC_setter方法的展开
//
//  Created by Peng Junlong on 15/6/18.
//  Copyright (c) 2015年 Peng Junlong. All rights reserved.
//

#import "Person.h"

@implementation Person

//copy展开
- (void)setName:(NSString *)name
{
    if (_name != name) {
        [_name release];
        _name = [name copy];
    }
}

//assign展开
- (void)setAge:(NSInteger)age
{
    _age = age;
}

//retain展开
- (void)setDog:(Dog *)dog
{
    if (_dog != dog) {
        [_dog release];
        _dog = [dog retain];
    }
}

- (void)dealloc
{
    [_name release];
    [_dog release];
    [super dealloc];
}
@end

//
//  Person.h
//  IOS150618_ObjectiveC_setter方法的展开
//
//  Created by Peng Junlong on 15/6/18.
//  Copyright (c) 2015年 Peng Junlong. All rights reserved.
//

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Dog.h"
@interface Person : NSObject
@property (copy,nonatomic)NSString *name;
@property (assign,nonatomic)NSInteger age;
@property (retain,nonatomic)Dog *dog;
@end

//  Person.m
//  IOS150618_ObjectiveC_setter方法的展开
//
//  Created by Peng Junlong on 15/6/18.
//  Copyright (c) 2015年 Peng Junlong. All rights reserved.
//

#import "Person.h"

@implementation Person

//copy展开
- (void)setName:(NSString *)name
{
    if (_name != name) {
        [_name release];
        _name = [name copy];
    }
}

//assign展开
- (void)setAge:(NSInteger)age
{
    _age = age;
}

//retain展开
- (void)setDog:(Dog *)dog
{
    if (_dog != dog) {
        [_dog release];
        _dog = [dog retain];
    }
}

- (void)dealloc
{
    [_name release];
    [_dog release];
    [super dealloc];
}
@end

dealloc方法的重写:

//
//  Dog.h
//  IOS150618_ObjectiveC_Dealloc
//
//  Created by Peng Junlong on 15/6/18.
//  Copyright (c) 2015年 Peng Junlong. All rights reserved.
//

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface Dog : NSObject

@end

//  Dog.m
//  IOS150618_ObjectiveC_Dealloc
//
//  Created by Peng Junlong on 15/6/18.
//  Copyright (c) 2015年 Peng Junlong. All rights reserved.
//

#import "Dog.h"

@implementation Dog

//只有在手动管理的方式下才能重写dealloc
- (void)dealloc
{
    NSLog(@"Dog release");
    [super dealloc];    //要用父类的dealloc方法释放内存
}
@end

//  main.m
//  IOS150618_ObjectiveC_Dealloc
//
//  Created by Peng Junlong on 15/6/18.
//  Copyright (c) 2015年 Peng Junlong. All rights reserved.
//

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Dog.h"

//*****************************

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
        Dog *dog = [[Dog alloc] init];
        Dog *dog1 = [dog retain];
        NSLog(@"retainCount = %li",dog1.retainCount);
        Dog *dog2 = [dog1 retain];
        NSLog(@"retainCount = %li",dog2.retainCount);
        [dog release];
        NSLog(@"retainCount = %li",dog1.retainCount);
        
        [dog1 release];
        NSLog(@"retainCount = %li",dog2.retainCount);
        
        //最后一次release的时候,retainCount理论值为0,自动调用dealloc方法释放对象
        //release只是释放对象的拥有权,而dealloc才是释放对象内存
        [dog2 release];
        //NSLog(@"retainCount = %li",dog1.retainCount);
    }
    return 0;
}

复合类的内存管理:

例1:

例子1:

//
//  Person.h
//  IOS150618_ObjectiveC复合类的内存管理
//
//  Created by Peng Junlong on 15/6/18.
//  Copyright (c) 2015年 Peng Junlong. All rights reserved.
//

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface Person : NSObject

//先release,再copy
@property (copy,nonatomic)NSString *firstName;
//先release,再retain
@property (retain,nonatomic)NSString *lastName;
//直接赋值
@property (assign,nonatomic)NSString *fullName;
@end

//  Person.m
//  IOS150618_ObjectiveC复合类的内存管理
//
//  Created by Peng Junlong on 15/6/18.
//  Copyright (c) 2015年 Peng Junlong. All rights reserved.
//

#import "Person.h"

@implementation Person

//在当前类里面也要遵循内存管理法则,需要重写dealloc方法
- (void)dealloc
{
    //要释放firstName和lastName,不释放会导致内存泄露.因为在@property中使用了copy和retain
    NSLog(@"FirstName release!!");
    [_firstName release];
    NSLog(@"LastName release!!");
    [_lastName release];
    [super dealloc];
}

@end

//  main.m
//  IOS150618_ObjectiveC复合类的内存管理
//
//  Created by Peng Junlong on 15/6/18.
//  Copyright (c) 2015年 Peng Junlong. All rights reserved.
//

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Person.h"

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
//        Person *xiaoHua = [[Person alloc] init];
//        [xiaoHua release];
        NSString *ss = [[NSString alloc ]initWithString:@"test"];
        NSLog(@"%p",ss);
        NSLog(@"retain = %li",ss.retainCount);
        NSString *te = [ss copy];
        NSLog(@"%p",te);
        NSLog(@"retain = %li",ss.retainCount);
        NSString *te1 = [ss retain];
        NSLog(@"%p",te1);
        NSLog(@"retain = %li",te1.retainCount);
    }
    return 0;
}

例2:

//
//  Dog.h
//  IOS150618_ObjectiveC复合类的内存管理_下
//
//  Created by Peng Junlong on 15/6/18.
//  Copyright (c) 2015年 Peng Junlong. All rights reserved.
//

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface Dog : NSObject
@property (copy,nonatomic)NSString *name;
@property (assign,nonatomic)NSInteger age;
@end

//  Dog.m
//  IOS150618_ObjectiveC复合类的内存管理_下
//
//  Created by Peng Junlong on 15/6/18.
//  Copyright (c) 2015年 Peng Junlong. All rights reserved.
//

#import "Dog.h"

@implementation Dog

- (void)dealloc
{
    NSLog(@"Dog is release:%@",[self class]);
    [_name release];
    [super dealloc];
}
@end

//
//  Person.h
//  IOS150618_ObjectiveC复合类的内存管理_下
//
//  Created by Peng Junlong on 15/6/18.
//  Copyright (c) 2015年 Peng Junlong. All rights reserved.
//

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Dog.h"

@interface Person : NSObject
@property (retain,nonatomic)Dog *dog;
@end

//  Person.m
//  IOS150618_ObjectiveC复合类的内存管理_下
//
//  Created by Peng Junlong on 15/6/18.
//  Copyright (c) 2015年 Peng Junlong. All rights reserved.
//

#import "Person.h"

@implementation Person
- (void)dealloc
{
    NSLog(@"Person is release :%@",[self class]);
    [_dog release];
    [super dealloc];
}
@end

//  main.m
//  IOS150618_ObjectiveC复合类的内存管理_下
//
//  Created by qianfeng on 15/6/18.
//  Copyright (c) 2015年 Peng Junlong. All rights reserved.
//

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Person.h"
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
        Person *person = [[Person alloc] init];
        Dog *dog1 = [[Dog alloc] init];
        dog1.name = @"小黑";
        person.dog = dog1;
        
        [person release];
        [dog1 release];
    }
    return 0;
}

例子3:

//  Dog.h
//  IOS150618_ObjectiveC复合类的内存管理_下1
//
//  Created by Peng Junlong on 15/6/18.
//  Copyright (c) 2015年 Peng Junlong. All rights reserved.
//

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface Dog : NSObject

@end

//
//  Dog.m
//  IOS150618_ObjectiveC复合类的内存管理_下1
//
//  Created by Peng Junlong on 15/6/18.
//  Copyright (c) 2015年 Peng Junlong. All rights reserved.
//

#import "Dog.h"

@implementation Dog

@end

//
//  Person.h
//  IOS150618_ObjectiveC复合类的内存管理_下1
//
//  Created by qianfeng on 15/6/18.
//  Copyright (c) 2015年 Peng Junlong. All rights reserved.
//

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Dog.h"
@interface Person : NSObject
{
    Dog *_dog;
}
- (void)setDog:(Dog *)dog;
- (Dog *)dog;
@end

//  Person.m
//  IOS150618_ObjectiveC复合类的内存管理_下1
//
//  Created by qianfeng on 15/6/18.
//  Copyright (c) 2015年 Peng Junlong. All rights reserved.
//

#import "Person.h"

@implementation Person

//方法一:直接赋值(不ok)
//- (void)setDog:(Dog *)dog
//{
//    _dog = dog;
//}

//方法二:(不OK)
//- (void)setDog:(Dog *)dog
//{
//    _dog = [dog retain];    //dog的retainCount加1,_dog之前指向的对象没有release,导致少释放一次
//}

//方法三:(不OK)
//- (void)setDog:(Dog *)dog
//{
//    [_dog release];             //当dog和_dog是同一个对象时,_dog进行release时,
//                                //dog也被释放,则dog无法再retain
//    _dog = [dog retain];
//}

//方法四:
- (void)setDog:(Dog *)dog
{
    if (_dog != dog) {
        [_dog release];
        _dog = [dog retain];
    }
}

- (Dog *)dog
{
    return _dog;
}
- (void)dealloc
{
    [_dog release];
    [super dealloc];
}
@end

//  main.m
//  IOS150618_ObjectiveC复合类的内存管理_下1
//
//  Created by qianfeng on 15/6/18.
//  Copyright (c) 2015年 Peng Junlong. All rights reserved.
//

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Dog.h"
#import "Person.h"
//**********************************
//*  复合类的内存管理(setter方法)  *
//**********************************

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
        Dog *xiaoBai = [[Dog alloc] init];
        Person *xiaoXin = [[Person alloc] init];
        //方法一(不OK):xiaoXin并没有真正拥有这条狗,如果在main函数里[xiaoBai release],
        //让xiaoBai的引用计数减1,就变为0,xiaoBai就销毁了.
        //在Person类中的dealloc又release一次.同一个对象不能释放多次
//        xiaoXin.dog = xiaoBai;
//        [xiaoBai release];
//        [xiaoXin release];
        
        //方法二(不OK):如果人再持有别的狗,就会造成第一条狗得不到释放,内存泄露
//        xiaoXin.dog = xiaoBai;
//        NSLog(@"retainCount = %li",xiaoBai.retainCount);    //retainCount = 2
//        Dog *xiaoHei = [[Dog alloc] init];
//        xiaoXin.dog = xiaoHei;
//        [xiaoBai release];
//        [xiaoHei release];
//        [xiaoXin release];
        
        //方法三(不OK):如果本来持有一条狗,又重新设置这条狗,先进行release,这个时候很可能dog就销毁了,然后就没法再次retain了.
        xiaoXin.dog = xiaoBai;
        Dog *xiaoHei = xiaoBai;
        [xiaoXin release];
        NSLog(@"xiaoHei retainCount = %li",xiaoHei.retainCount);
        xiaoXin.dog = xiaoHei;
        [xiaoXin release];
    }
    return 0;
}

字符串内存管理:

//
//  main.m
//  IOS150618_ObjectiveC_字符串的内存管理
//
//  Created by Peng Junlong on 15/6/18.
//  Copyright (c) 2015年 Peng Junlong. All rights reserved.
//

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>


//不用管计数retainCount的值,只要遵循内存管理法则就行
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
        
        //不可变字符串
        NSString *str1 = @"Hello World";
        NSLog(@"str1 retainCOunt = %li",str1.retainCount);      //str1 retainCOunt = -1
        NSString *str2 = [NSString stringWithString:str1];
        NSLog(@"str2 retainCOunt = %li",str2.retainCount);      //str2 retainCOunt = -1
        NSLog(@"str1 = %p,str2 = %p",str1,str2);    //str1 = 0x100001030,str2 = 0x100001030 因为两个都是不可变的常量,
                                                    //所以没必要再创建一个对象,而是直接将str1的地址传递给str2.(在数据段)
        NSString *str3 = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:str1];    //alloc底层做了优化,判断是否创建一个可变的字符串对象,
                                                                    //不可变的则直接将str1的地址给str3,没有创建新的对象
        NSLog(@"str3 retainCount = %li",str3.retainCount);
        NSLog(@"str1 = %p,str2 = %p,str3 = %p",str1,str2,str3);     //str1 = 0x100001030,str2 = 0x100001030,str3 = 0x100001030
        
        [str3 release]; //底层并没有调用free,因为其是一个常量,不在堆内存中
        
        NSString *str4 = [str3 retain];
        NSLog(@"str4 retainCOunt = %li",str4.retainCount);
        [str4 release];
        
        NSString *str5 = [str4 copy];
        NSLog(@"str5 retainCOunt = %li",str5.retainCount);
        NSLog(@"str4 = %p,str5 = %p",str4,str5);                //str4 = 0x100001030,str5 = 0x100001030 并没有copy
        [str5 release];
        
        //可变字符串
        NSMutableString *mulStr1 = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithString:str5];
        NSLog(@"nulStr1 retainCount = %li",mulStr1.retainCount);//ulStr1 retainCount = 1
        NSLog(@"mulStr1 = %p,str5 = %p",mulStr1,str5);          //mulStr1 = 0x100400040,str5 = 0x100001030
        
        NSMutableString *mulStr2 = [mulStr1 retain];
        NSLog(@"mulStr2 retainCount = %li",mulStr2.retainCount);    //mulStr2 retainCount = 2
        
        NSString *str6 = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:mulStr1];
        NSLog(@"str6 retainCount = %li",str6.retainCount);          //str6 retainCount = 1 str6被创建在堆内存
        NSLog(@"str6 = %p",str6);                                   //str6 = 0x100400820
        
        NSString *str7 = [[NSString alloc] init];
        NSLog(@"str7 retainCount = %li",str7.retainCount);          //str7 retainCount = -1 str7被创建在栈内存,为空
        NSLog(@"str7 = %p",str7);                                   //str7 = 0x7fff79f35bd0
        
        NSString *str8 = [str7 stringByAppendingString:@"Hello China"];//会在数据段查找该内容,若有相同的则直接返回该地址
        NSLog(@"str8 retainCount = %li",str8.retainCount);          //str8 retainCount = -1 str8被创建在数据段
        NSLog(@"str8 = %p",str8);                                   //str8 = 0x100001230
        [str6 release];
        [str7 release];
        [str8 release];
        [mulStr1 release];
        [mulStr2 release];
        
        
    }
    return 0;
}

数组内存管理:

//
//  Dog.h
//  IOS150618_ObjectiveC数组的内存管理
//
//  Created by Peng Junlong on 15/6/18.
//  Copyright (c) 2015年 Peng Junlong. All rights reserved.
//

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface Dog : NSObject
@property (copy,nonatomic)NSString *name;
@end

//
//  Dog.m
//  IOS150618_ObjectiveC数组的内存管理
//
//  Created by Peng Junlong on 15/6/18.
//  Copyright (c) 2015年 Peng Junlong. All rights reserved.
//

#import "Dog.h"

@implementation Dog
- (void)dealloc
{
    [_name release];
    [super dealloc];
}
@end

//
//  main.m
//  IOS150618_ObjectiveC数组的内存管理
//
//  Created by qianfeng on 15/6/18.
//  Copyright (c) 2015年 Peng Junlong. All rights reserved.
//

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Dog.h"
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
        Dog *dog1 = [[Dog alloc] init];
        Dog *dog2 = [[Dog alloc] init];
        NSLog(@"%p",dog1);           //0x1001145e0在堆内存
        Dog *dog3 = [[Dog alloc] init];
        Dog *dog4 = [[Dog alloc] init];
        Dog *dog5 = [[Dog alloc] init];
        Dog *dog6 = [[Dog alloc] init];
        NSLog(@"dog1 retainCount = %li",dog1.retainCount);      //dog1 retainCount = 1
        NSMutableArray *dogs = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
        
        //往数组中添加对象,对应对象的retainCount的值加1
        [dogs addObject:dog1];
        NSLog(@"dog1 retainCount = %li",dog1.retainCount);      //dog1 retainCount = 2
        [dogs addObject:dog1];
        NSLog(@"dog1 retainCount = %li",dog1.retainCount);      //dog1 retainCount = 3
        [dogs addObject:dog2];
        [dogs addObject:dog3];
        [dogs addObject:dog4];
        [dogs addObject:dog5];
        [dogs addObject:dog6];
        
        [dog1 release];
        [dog2 release];
        [dog3 release];
        [dog4 release];
        [dog5 release];
        [dog6 release];
        NSLog(@"dog1 retainCount = %li",dog1.retainCount);      //dog1 retainCount = 2
        
        //数组对象release,实际上是对数组中的每一个元素release一次
        [dogs release];
    }
    return 0;
}

自动释放池:

//
//  Dog.h
//  IOS150618_ObjectiveC自动释放池
//
//  Created by Peng Junlong on 15/6/18.
//  Copyright (c) 2015年 Peng Junlong. All rights reserved.
//

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface Dog : NSObject
@property (assign,nonatomic)NSInteger age;
@end

//
//  Dog.m
//  IOS150618_ObjectiveC自动释放池
//
//  Created by Peng Junlong on 15/6/18.
//  Copyright (c) 2015年 Peng Junlong. All rights reserved.
//

#import "Dog.h"

@implementation Dog
- (void)dealloc
{
    NSLog(@"Dog is release");
    [super dealloc];
}
@end

//
//  main.m
//  IOS150618_ObjectiveC自动释放池
//
//  Created by Peng Junlong on 15/6/18.
//  Copyright (c) 2015年 Peng Junlong. All rights reserved.
//

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Dog.h"
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    //自动释放池就是一个数组,自动释放池会将池中的所有对象都释放一次
    @autoreleasepool {
        Dog *xiaoHei = [[Dog alloc] init];
        xiaoHei.age = 12;
        [xiaoHei autorelease];  //将xiaoHei的拥有权交给自动释放池,xiaoHei失去对该对象的拥有权.
        NSLog(@"retainCount = %li",xiaoHei.retainCount);
        //运行结果:
        //retainCount = 1
        //Dog is release
        
        //==============================
        //NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray alloc] init];
        //[xiaoHei autorelease];相当于--->[array addObject:xiaoHei];
        //                               [xiaoHei release];
        
    }   //运行到这个位置的时候,自动释放池会将里面的内容全部释放,(自动释放池相当于一个数组)
    
    NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
    
    Dog *dog1 = [[Dog alloc] init];
    dog1.age = 33;
    NSLog(@"dog1 retainCount = %li",dog1.retainCount);
    [dog1 retain];
    NSLog(@"dog1 retainCount = %li",dog1.retainCount);
    [dog1 autorelease];
    NSLog(@"dog1 retainCount = %li",dog1.retainCount);
    [dog1 autorelease];
    
    [pool release];
    return 0;
}

数组模拟实现自动释放池:

//
//  Dog.h
//  IOS150618_ObjectiveC数组模拟实现自动释放池
//
//  Created by Peng Junlong on 15/6/18.
//  Copyright (c) 2015年 Peng Junlong. All rights reserved.
//

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface Dog : NSObject

@end

//
//  Dog.m
//  IOS150618_ObjectiveC数组模拟实现自动释放池
//
//  Created by Peng Junlong on 15/6/18.
//  Copyright (c) 2015年 Peng Junlong. All rights reserved.
//

#import "Dog.h"

@implementation Dog
- (void)dealloc
{
    NSLog(@"dog is release");
    [super dealloc];
}
@end

//
//  main.m
//  IOS150618_ObjectiveC数组模拟实现自动释放池
//
//  Created by qianfeng on 15/6/18.
//  Copyright (c) 2015年 Peng Junlong. All rights reserved.
//

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Dog.h"
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    
    NSMutableArray *releasePool = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];    //相当于@autoreleasepool{
    
    Dog *dog1 = [[Dog alloc] init];
    [releasePool addObject:dog1];
    [dog1 release];
    NSLog(@"dog1 retainCount = %li",dog1.retainCount);
    
    Dog *dog2 = [[Dog alloc] init];
    [releasePool addObject:dog2];
    [dog2 release];
    NSLog(@"dog2 retainCount = %li",dog2.retainCount);
    
    Dog *dog3 = [[Dog alloc] init];
    [releasePool addObject:dog3];
    [dog3 release];
    NSLog(@"dog3 retainCount = %li",dog3.retainCount);
    
    [releasePool release];                                          //相当于}
    return 0;
}