一: 实现功能:
基于java使用多线程下载文件,提升下载速度,并显示下载所需时间。
二:原理解析:
首先介绍一下多线程文件下载最关键的一个类——文件下载管理类<!--负责线程管理、文件管理等操作 -->
如图,显然就可以得出多线程下载的原理:
1)根据线程数目把文件分为几个块。
2)为每个块申请一个线程去下载它,然后写入文件。
明白原理过后那我们就可以很轻易地得出实现多线程文件下载的步骤:
1)连接资源服务器,获取资源信息,创建本地文件。
2)切分资源,为每个线程分配固定的下载区域。
三:完整代码:
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
public class client {
/**
* 线程计数器
*/
private int threadCount;
/**
* 服务器请求路径
*/
private String serverPath;
/**
* 本地路径
*/
private String localPath;
/**
* 线程计数同步辅助
*/
private CountDownLatch latch;
public client(int threadCount, String serverPath, String localPath, CountDownLatch latch) {
this.threadCount = threadCount;
this.serverPath = serverPath;
this.localPath = localPath;
this.latch = latch;
}
public void executeDownLoad() {
try {
URL url = new URL(serverPath);
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
conn.setConnectTimeout(5000);
conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
int code = conn.getResponseCode();
if (code == 200) {
//服务器返回的数据的长度,实际上就是文件的长度,单位是字节
int length = conn.getContentLength();
System.out.println("文件总长度:" + length + "字节(B)");
RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(localPath, "rwd");
//指定创建的文件的长度
raf.setLength(length);
raf.close();
//分割文件
int blockSize = length / threadCount;
for (int threadId = 1; threadId <= threadCount; threadId++) {
//第一个线程下载的开始位置
int startIndex = (threadId - 1) * blockSize;
int endIndex = startIndex + blockSize - 1;
if (threadId == threadCount) {
//最后一个线程下载的长度稍微长一点
endIndex = length;
}
System.out.println("线程" + threadId + "下载:" + startIndex + "字节~" + endIndex + "字节");
new DownLoadThread(threadId, startIndex, endIndex).start();
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 为了方便展示使用内部类用于实现下载
*/
public class DownLoadThread extends Thread {
/**
* 线程ID
*/
private int threadId;
/**
* 下载起始位置
*/
private int startIndex;
/**
* 下载结束位置
*/
private int endIndex;
public DownLoadThread(int threadId, int startIndex, int endIndex) {
this.threadId = threadId;
this.startIndex = startIndex;
this.endIndex = endIndex;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
System.out.println("线程" + threadId + "正在下载...");
URL url = new URL(serverPath);
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
//请求服务器下载部分的文件的指定位置
conn.setRequestProperty("Range", "bytes=" + startIndex + "-" + endIndex);
conn.setConnectTimeout(5000);
int code = conn.getResponseCode();
System.out.println("线程" + threadId + "请求返回code=" + code);
InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();//返回资源
RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(localPath, "rwd");
//随机写文件的时候从哪个位置开始写
raf.seek(startIndex);//定位文件
int len = 0;
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
raf.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
is.close();
raf.close();
System.out.println("线程" + threadId + "下载完毕");
//计数值减一
latch.countDown();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int threadSize=4;
String serverPath = "http://fjdx.sc.chinaz.com/Files/DownLoad/sound1/201806/10242.mp3";
String localPath = "F:\\download\\wpx.mp3";
CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(threadSize);
client m = new client(threadSize, serverPath, localPath, latch);
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
try {
m.executeDownLoad();
latch.await();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("全部下载结束,共耗时" + (endTime - startTime) / 1000 + "s");
}
}