搭建多个mysql实例并配置主从复制

一、 下载安装包

从mysql官网下载安装包解压，本文解压到/usr/local/mysql目录，并配置环境变量:

vim ~/.bash_profile

增加一行

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin

保存后，source ~/.bash_profile使配置生效。

二、初始化实例

1、创建两个实例目录：

mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/mysql3307/data

mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/mysql3308/data

2、初始化数据

--initialize-insecure表示初始密码为空，注意不能使用root用户执行，可能需要给实例目录赋权限。

mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql3307/data --initialize-insecure

mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql3308/data --initialize-insecure

三、通过mysqld_multi管理多个实例

1、配置my_multi.cnf文件

vim /etc/my_multil.cnf

[mysqld_multi]
user       = root
password   =

[mysqld3307]
server-id=3307
port=3307
log_bin=mysql-bin
binlog-format=Row
basedir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql3307
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql3307/data
socket=/tmp/mysql_3307.sock
mysqlx_socket=/tmp/mysql_3307x.sock
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/mysql3307/log

[mysqld3308]
server-id=3308
port=3308
log_bin=mysql-bin
binlog-format=Row
basedir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql3308
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql3308/data
socket=/tmp/mysql_3308.sock
mysqlx_socket=/tmp/mysql_3308x.sock
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/mysql3308/log
read_only=1

[mysqld]
character_set_server=utf8

2、启动两个数据库实例

mysqld_multi --defaults-file=/etc/my_multi.cnf start

查看实例状态：

mysqld_multi --defaults-file=/etc/my_multi.cnf report

显示以下信息表示启动成功：

Reporting MySQL servers
MySQL server from group: mysqld3307 is running
MySQL server from group: mysqld3308 is running

四、配置主从复制（异步）

1、配置主节点

登录主节点：mysql -uroot -S /tmp/mysql_3307.sock -hlocalhost -P3307

执行以下sql：

#创建用户

mysql> CREATE USER 'repl'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

#授予复制权限

mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'repl'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000005 |      856 |              |                  |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

2、配置从节点

登录从节点：mysql -uroot -S /tmp/mysql_3308.sock -hlocalhost -P3308

执行以下sql：

mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
    -> MASTER_HOST='localhost',
    -> MASTER_PORT = 3307,
    -> MASTER_USER='repl',
    -> MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',
    -> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000005',
    -> MASTER_LOG_POS=856;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.12 sec)

 开启复制：start slave；

查看slave状态：show slave statusG;

mysql> show slave statusG;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: localhost
                  Master_User: repl2
                  Master_Port: 3307
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000006
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 2782
               Relay_Log_File: 192-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 2949
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000006
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB:
          Replicate_Ignore_DB:
           Replicate_Do_Table:
       Replicate_Ignore_Table:
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error:
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 2782
              Relay_Log_Space: 3155
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File:
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File:
           Master_SSL_CA_Path:
              Master_SSL_Cert:
            Master_SSL_Cipher:
               Master_SSL_Key:
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error:
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error:
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
             Master_Server_Id: 3307
                  Master_UUID: 621efc3e-ac4f-11ec-8fb4-d7f5457a9374
             Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind:
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
               Master_SSL_Crl:
           Master_SSL_Crlpath:
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
            Executed_Gtid_Set:
                Auto_Position: 0
         Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
                 Channel_Name:
           Master_TLS_Version:
       Master_public_key_path:
        Get_master_public_key: 0
            Network_Namespace:
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

3、测试主从同步

主节点创建一个数据库：

mysql> create database my_db2;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

从节点就会同步过去：

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| my_db2             |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)