网络编程（概述）--ip

两个主机进行通信：

    1、首先要找的对方的IP

    2、数据要发送到对方的指定的应用程序上，为了标识这些应用程序，所以给这些为了应用程序都用数字进行标识。为了方便称呼这个数字，叫做端口，该端口较逻辑端口。

    3、定义通信规则。这个通信规则称为协议。

获取本地的主机名和ip地址：

import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

public class IPdemo {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws UnknownHostException {
		InetAddress inet=InetAddress.getLocalHost();
		
		System.out.println("address:"+inet.getHostAddress());
		System.out.println("name:"+inet.getHostName());
		
	}
}

获取任意主机的地址和主机名：

import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

public class IPdemo {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws UnknownHostException {
		//InetAddress inet=InetAddress.getLocalHost();
		
		//System.out.println("address:"+inet.getHostAddress());
		//System.out.println("name:"+inet.getHostName());
		
		InetAddress iAddress=InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
		System.out.println("address:"+iAddress.getHostAddress());
		System.out.println("name:"+iAddress.getHostName());
	}
}

    运行结果为：

            address:119.75.213.61

            name:www.baidu.com

    注意：对于固定的域名来说，其ip地址不止一个，比如www.baidu.com这个主机不止一个IP地址，返回的ip地址不唯一。可通过getallByName来确定。

import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

public class IPdemo {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws UnknownHostException {
		//InetAddress inet=InetAddress.getLocalHost();
		
		//System.out.println("address:"+inet.getHostAddress());
		//System.out.println("name:"+inet.getHostName());
		
		/*
		InetAddress iAddress=InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
		System.out.println("address:"+iAddress.getHostAddress());
		System.out.println("name:"+iAddress.getHostName());
		*/
		
		InetAddress[] iAddress=InetAddress.getAllByName("www.baidu.com");
		System.err.println(iAddress.length);
		System.out.println("address:"+iAddress[0]);
		System.out.println("name:"+iAddress[1]);
		
	}
}

    运行结果为：

        2
        address:www.baidu.com/61.135.169.121
        name:www.baidu.com/61.135.169.125