#include <iostream> //如用VC++应改为∶#include <iosttram.h>
using namespace std; //如用VC++应取消此行
#include "cylinder.h"
#include "point.cpp"
#include "circle.cpp"
#include "cylinder.cpp"
int main()
{Cylinder cy1(3.5,6.4,5.2,10);
cout<<"\noriginal cylinder:\nx="<<cy1.getX()<<", y="<<cy1.getY()<<", r="
<<cy1.getRadius()<<", h="<<cy1.getHeight()<<"\narea="<<cy1.area()
<<", volume="<<cy1.volume()<<endl;
cy1.setHeight(15);
cy1.setRadius(7.5);
cy1.setPoint(5,5);
cout<<"\nnew cylinder:\n"<<cy1;
Point &pRef=cy1;
cout<<"\npRef as a point:"<<pRef;
Circle &cRef=cy1;
cout<<"\ncRef as a Circle:"<<cRef;
return 0;
}
3:解法一
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Point
{public:
Point(float a,float b):x(a),y(b){}
~Point(){cout<<"executing Point destructor"<<endl;}
private:
float x;
float y;
};
class Circle:public Point
{public:
Circle(float a,float b,float r):Point(a,b),radius(r){}
~Circle(){cout<<"executing Circle destructor"<<endl;}
private:
float radius;
};
int main()
{Point *p=new Circle(2.5,1.8,4.5);
delete p;
return 0;
}
3：解法二
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Point
{public:
Point(float a,float b):x(a),y(b){}
~Point(){cout<<"executing Point destructor"<<endl;}
private:
float x;
float y;
};
class Circle:public Point
{public:
Circle(int a,int b,int r):Point(a,b),radius(r){}
~Circle(){cout<<"executing Circle destructor"<<endl;}
private:
float radius;
};
int main()
{Point *p=new Circle(2.5,1.8,4.5);
Circle *pt=new Circle(2.5,1.8,4.5);
delete pt;
return 0;
}
3：解法三
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Point
{public:
Point(float a,float b):x(a),y(b){}
virtual ~Point(){cout<<"executing Point destructor"<<endl;}
private:
float x;
float y;
};
class Circle:public Point
{public:
Circle(float a,float b,float r):Point(a,b),radius(r){}
virtual ~Circle(){cout<<"executing Circle destructor"<<endl;}
private:
float radius;
};
void main()
{Point *p=new Circle(2.5,1.8,4.5);
delete p;
}
4：
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
//定义抽象基类Shape
class Shape
{public:
virtual double area() const =0; //纯虚函数
};
//定义Circle类
class Circle:public Shape
{public:
Circle(double r):radius(r){} //结构函数
virtual double area() const {return 3.14159*radius*radius;}; //定义虚函数
protected:
double radius; //半径
};
//定义Rectangle类
class Rectangle:public Shape
{public:
Rectangle(double w,double h):width(w),height(h){} //结构函数
virtual double area() const {return width*height;} //定义虚函数
protected:
double width,height; //宽与高
};
class Triangle:public Shape
{public:
Triangle(double w,double h):width(w),height(h){} //结构函数
virtual double area() const {return 0.5*width*height;} //定义虚函数
protected:
double width,height; //宽与高
};
//输出面积的函数
void printArea(const Shape &s)
{cout<<s.area()<<endl;} //输出s的面积
int main()
{
Circle circle(12.6); //建立Circle类对象circle
cout<<"area of circle =";
printArea(circle); //输出circle的面积
Rectangle rectangle(4.5,8.4); //建立Rectangle类对象rectangle
cout<<"area of rectangle =";
printArea(rectangle); //输出rectangle的面积
Triangle triangle(4.5,8.4); //建立Triangle类对象
cout<<"area of triangle =";
printArea(triangle); //输出triangle的面积
return 0;
}
5：
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
//定义抽象基类Shape
class Shape
{public:
virtual double area() const =0; //纯虚函数
};
//定义Circle(圆形)类
class Circle:public Shape
{public:
Circle(double r):radius(r){} //结构函数
virtual double area() const {return 3.14159*radius*radius;}; //定义虚函数
protected:
double radius; //半径
};
//定义Square(正方形)类
class Square:public Shape
{public:
Square(double s):side(s){} //结构函数
virtual double area() const {return side*side;} //定义虚函数
protected:
double side;
};
//定义Rectangle(矩形)类
class Rectangle:public Shape
{public:
Rectangle(double w,double h):width(w),height(h){} //结构函数
virtual double area() const {return width*height;} //定义虚函数
protected:
double width,height; //宽与高
};
//定义Trapezoid(梯形)类
class Trapezoid:public Shape
{public:
Trapezoid(double t,double b,double h):top(t),bottom(t),height(h){} //结构函数
virtual double area() const {return 0.5*(top+bottom)*height;} //定义虚函数
protected:
double top,bottom,height; //上底、下底与高
};
//定义Triangle(三角形)类
class Triangle:public Shape
{public:
Triangle(double w,double h):width(w),height(h){} //结构函数
virtual double area()const {return 0.5*width*height;} //定义虚函数
protected:
double width,height; //宽与高
};
int main()
{
Circle circle(12.6); //建立Circle类对象circle
Square square(3.5); //建立Square类对象square
Rectangle rectangle(4.5,8.4); //建立Rectangle类对象rectangle
Trapezoid trapezoid(2.0,4.5,3.2); //建立Trapezoid类对象trapezoid
Triangle triangle(4.5,8.4); //建立Triangle类对象
Shape *pt[5]={&circle,&square,&rectangle,&trapezoid,&triangle};
//定义基类指针数组pt，使它每一个元素指向一个派生类对象
double areas=0.0; //areas为总面积
for(int i=0;i<5;i++)
{areas=areas+pt[i]->area();}
cout<<"totol of all areas="<<areas<<endl; //输出总面积
return 0;
}
第七章
1:解法一
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
int main()
{double a,b,c,s,area;
cout<<"please input a,b,c:";
cin>>a>>b>>c;
if (a+b<=c)
cerr<<"a+b<=c,error!"<<endl;
else if(b+c<=a)
cerr<<"b+c<=a,error!"<<endl;
else if (c+a<=b)
cerr<<"c+a<=b,error!"<<endl;
else
{s=(a+b+c)/2;
area=sqrt(s*(s-a)*(s-b)*(s-c));
cout<<"area="<<area<<endl;}
return 0;
}
1：解法二
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
void input(double a,double b,double c)
{cout<<"please input a,b,c:";
cin>>a>>b>>c;
}
void area(double a,double b,double c)
{double s,area;
if (a+b<=c)
cerr<<"a+b<=c,error!"<<endl;
else if(b+c<=a)
cerr<<"b+c<=a,error!"<<endl;
else if (c+a<=b)
cerr<<"c+a<=b,error!"<<endl;
else
{s=(a+b+c)/2;
area=sqrt(s*(s-a)*(s-b)*(s-c));
cout<<"area="<<area<<endl;}
}
int main()
{double a=2,b=3,c=5;
input(a,b,c);
area(a,b,c);
return 0;
}
2：解法一
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
int main()
{float a[5];
cout<<"input data:";
for(int i=0;i<5;i++)
cin>>a[i];
cout<<setiosflags(ios::fixed)<<setprecision(2);
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
cout<<setw(10)<<a[i]<<endl;
return 0;
}
2：解法二
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{float a[5];
int i;
cout<<"input data:";
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
cin>>a[i];
cout.setf(ios::fixed);
cout.precision(2);
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{cout.width(10);
cout<<a[i]<<endl;}
return 0;
}
3：
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
for(int n=1;n<8;n++)
cout<<setw(20-n)<<setfill(' ')<<" " //nm
<<setw(2*n-1)<<setfill('B')<<"B"<<endl;
return 0;
}
4：
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std; //VC++ 6.0要此行
//fun1函数从键盘输入20个整数，分别存放在两个磁盘文件中
void fun1()
{int a[10];
ofstream outfile1("f1.dat"),outfile2("f2.dat"); //分别定义两个文件流对象
if(!outfile1) //检查打开f1.dat是否成功
{cerr<<"open f1.dat error!"<<endl;
exit(1);
}
if(!outfile2) //检查打开f2.dat是否成功
{cerr<<"open f2.dat error!"<<endl;
exit(1);
}
cout<<"enter 10 integer numbers:"<<endl;
for(int i=0;i<10;i++) //输入10个数存放到f1.dat文件中
{cin>>a[i];
outfile1<<a[i]<<" ";}
cout<<"enter 10 integer numbers:"<<endl;
for(i=0;i<10;i++) //输入10个数存放到f2.dat文件中
{cin>>a[i];
outfile2<<a[i]<<" ";}
outfile1.close(); //关闭f1.dat文件
outfile2.close(); //关闭f2.dat文件
}
//从f1,dat读入10个数，然后存放到f2.dat文件原有数据的后面
void fun2()
{ifstream infile("f1.dat"); //f1.dat作为输入文件
if(!infile)
{cerr<<"open f1.dat error!"<<endl;
exit(1);
}
ofstream outfile("f2.dat",ios::app);
//f2.dat作为输出文件，文件指针指向文件尾，向它写入的数据放在原来数据的后面
if(!outfile)
{cerr<<"open f2.dat error!"<<endl;
exit(1);
}
int a;
for(int i=0;i<10;i++)
{infile>>a; //磁盘文件f2.dat读入一个整数
outfile<<a<<" "; //将该数存放到f2.dat中
}
infile.close();
outfile.close();
}
//从f2.dat中读入20个整数，将它们按从小到大的顺序存放到f2.dat
void fun3()
{ifstream infile("f2.dat"); //定义输入文件流infile，以输入方式打开f2.dat
if(!infile)
{cerr<<"open f2.dat error!"<<endl;
exit(1);
}
int a[20];
int i,j,t;
for(i=0;i<20;i++)
infile>>a[i]; //从磁盘文件f2.dat读入20个数放在数组a中
for(i=0;i<19;i++) //用起泡法对20个数排序
for(j=0;j<19-i;j++)
if(a[j]>a[j+1])
{t=a[j];a[j]=a[j+1];a[j+1]=t;}
infile.close(); //关闭输入文件f2.dat
ofstream outfile("f2.dat",ios::out);
// f2.dat作为输出文件，文件中原有内容删除
if(!outfile)
{cerr<<"open f2.dat error!"<<endl;
exit(1);}
cout<<"data in f2.dat:"<<endl;
for( i=0;i<20;i++)
{outfile<<a[i]<<" "; //向f2.dat输出已排序的20个数
cout<<a[i]<<" ";} //同时输出到显示器
cout<<endl;
outfile.close();
}
int main()
{fun1(); //分别调用3个函数
fun2();
fun3();
return 0;
}
5：
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
struct staff
{int num;
char name[20];
int age;
double pay;
};
int main()
{staff staf[7]={2101,"Li",34,1203,2104,"Wang",23,674.5,2108,"Fun",54,778,
3006,"Xue",45,476.5,5101,"Ling",39,656.6},staf1;
fstream iofile("staff.dat",ios::in|ios::out|ios::binary);
if(!iofile)
{cerr<<"open error!"<<endl;
abort();
}
int i,m,num;
cout<<"Five staff :"<<endl;
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{cout<<staf[i].num<<" "<<staf[i].name<<" "<<staf[i].age<<" "<<staf[i].pay<<endl;
iofile.write((char *)&staf[i],sizeof(staf[i]));}
cout<<"please input data you want insert:"<<endl;
for(i=0;i<2;i++)
{cin>>staf1.num>>staf1.name>>staf1.age>>staf1.pay;
iofile.seekp(0,ios::end);
iofile.write((char *)&staf1,sizeof(staf1));}
iofile.seekg(0,ios::beg);
for(i=0;i<7;i++)
{iofile.read((char *)&staf[i],sizeof(staf[i]));
cout<<staf[i].num<<" "<<staf[i].name<<" "<<staf[i].age<<" "<<staf[i].pay<<endl;
}
bool find;
cout<<"enter number you want search,enter 0 to stop.";
cin>>num;
while(num)
{find=false;
iofile.seekg(0,ios::beg);
for(i=0;i<7;i++)
{iofile.read((char *)&staf[i],sizeof(staf[i]));
if(num==staf[i].num)
{m=iofile.tellg();
cout<<num<<" is No."<<m/sizeof(staf1)<<endl;
cout<<staf[i].num<<" "<<staf[i].name<<" "<<staf[i].age<<" "<<staf[i].pay<<endl;
find=true;
break;
}
}
if(!find)
cout<<"can't find "<<num<<endl;
cout<<"enter number you want search,enter 0 to stop.";
cin>>num;
}
iofile.close();
return 0;
}
6：解法一
#include <iostream>
#include <strstream>
using namespace std;
struct student
{int num;
char name[20];
double score;
};
int main()
{student stud[3]={1001,"Li",78,1002,"Wang",89.5,1004,"Fun",90},stud1[3];
char c[50];
int i;
ostrstream strout(c,50);
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
strout<<stud[i].num<<" "<<stud[i].name<<" "<<stud[i].score<<" ";
strout<<ends;
cout<<"array c:"<<endl<<c<<endl<<endl;
istrstream strin(c,50);
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
strin>>stud1[i].num>>stud1[i].name>>stud1[i].score;
cout<<"data from array c to array stud1:"<<endl;
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
cout<<stud1[i].num<<" "<<stud1[i].name<<" "<<stud1[i].score<<endl;
cout<<endl;
return 0;
}
6：解法二
#include <iostream>
#include <strstream>
using namespace std;
struct student
{int num;
char name[20];
double score;
};
int main()
{int i;
student stud[3]={1001,"Li",78,1002,"Wang",89.5,1004,"Fun",90},stud1[3];
char c[50];
strstream strio(c,50,ios::in|ios::out);
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
strio<<stud[i].num<<" "<<stud[i].name<<" "<<stud[i].score<<" ";
strio<<ends;
cout<<"array c:"<<endl<<c<<endl<<endl;
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
strio>>stud1[i].num>>stud1[i].name>>stud1[i].score;
cout<<"data from array c to array stud1:"<<endl;
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
cout<<stud1[i].num<<" "<<stud1[i].name<<" "<<stud1[i].score<<endl;
cout<<endl;
return 0;
}
第八章
1:
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
double q(double,double,double);
void main()
{double a,b,c,p,x1,x2;
cout<<"please enter a,b,c:";
cin>>a>>b>>c;
p=-b/(2*a);
try
{x1=p+q(a,b,c);
x2=p-q(a,b,c);
cout<<"x1="<<x1<<endl<<"x2="<<x2<<endl;
}
catch(double d)
{cout<<"a="<<a<<",b="<<b<<",c="<<c<<",disc="<<d<<",error!"<<endl;}
cout<<"end"<<endl;
}
double q(double a,double b,double c)
{double disc;
disc=b*b-4*a*c;
if (disc<0) throw disc;
return sqrt(disc)/(2*a);
}
2:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class Student
{public:
Student(int n,string nam)
{cout<<"constructor-"<<n<<endl;
num=n;name=nam;}
~Student(){cout<<"destructor-"<<num<<endl;}
void get_data();
private:
int num;
string name;
};
void Student::get_data()
{if(num==0) throw num;
else cout<<num<<" "<<name<<endl;
cout<<"in get_data()"<<endl;
}
void fun()
{Student stud1(1101,"tan");
stud1.get_data();
try
{Student stud2(0,"Li");
stud2.get_data();
}
catch(int n)
{cout<<"num="<<n<<",error!"<<endl;}
}
int main()
{cout<<"main begin"<<endl;
cout<<"call fun()"<<endl;
fun();
cout<<"main end"<<endl;
return 0;
}
3:
//main file
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include "xt8-3-h1.h"
#include "xt8-3-h2.h"
using namespace std;
using namespace student1;
int main()
{Student stud1(1001,"Wang",18,"123 Beijing Road,Shanghua");
stud1.show_data();
student2::Student stud2(1102,"Li",'f',89.5);
stud2.show_data();
return 0;
}
//header1.h，文件名为xt8-3-h1.h
#include <string>
namespace student1
{class Student
{public:
Student(int n,string nam,int a,string addr)
{num=n;name=nam;age=a;address=addr;}
void show_data();
private:
int num;
string name;
int age;
string address;
};
void Student::show_data()
{cout<<"num:"<<num<<" name:"<<name<<" age:"<<age
<<" address:"<<address<<endl;
}
}
//header2.h，文件名为xt8-3-h2.h
#include <string>
namespace student2
{class Student
{public:
Student(int n,string nam,char s,float sco)
{num=n;name=nam;sex=s;score=sco;}
void show_data();
private:
int num;
string name;
char sex;
float score;
};
void Student::show_data()
{cout<<"num:"<<num<<" name:"<<name<<" sex:"<<sex
<<" score:"<<score<<endl; }
}
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