Spring提供了丰富的标签和注解来进行bean的定义,除此之外框架来提供了扩展机制让使用可以通过properties来定义bean,与强大的标签式和注解式的bean定义相比,properties提供的规则要简单许多。
key部分用.分隔即通过A.B来进行相关的属性定义,其中A表示bean名称,B通过不同的值还表达不同的含义:
- (class),bean的类型
- (parent),bean的父bean
- name,bean的name属性,name是一个普通属性
- childBean(ref),bean的childBean属性,childBean是一个引用属性
- (singleton),是否单例
- (lazy-init),是否懒加载
- $0,第一个构造子参数
- (scope),作用域
- (abstract),是否是抽象bean
看一个例子:
bean.properties文件
#bean1
propBean.(class) = spring.beans.properties.PropBean
propBean.(parent) = commonBean
propBean.name = name1
propBean.childBean(ref) = childBean
propBean.(singleton) = true
propBean.(lazy-init) = true
#bean2
childBean.(class) = spring.beans.properties.ChildBean
childBean.$0 = cid1
chlldBean.(scope) = singleton
#abstract bean
commonBean.(class) = spring.beans.properties.CommonBean
commonBean.id = 1
commonBean.(abstract) = true
上面的properties文件定义了三个bean:
- commonBean,类型是spring.beans.properties.CommonBean,注入值1到id属性,这是一个抽象bean
- childBean,类型spring.beans.properties.ChildBean,构造器注入cid1,作用域是singleton
- propBean,类型是spring.beans.properties.PropBean,父bean是commonBean,注入一个普通属性name,和引用属性childBean,引用的bean是childBean,bean是单例并且懒加载。
bean定义文件写好之后,通过PropertiesBeanDefinitionReader来加载解析bean定义,这个解析器的原理很简单,在此不做详细分析,下面是实例代码。
public void test() {
GenericApplicationContext ctx = new GenericApplicationContext();
Resource res = new ClassPathResource(
"spring/beans/properties/bean.properties");
PropertiesBeanDefinitionReader propReader = new PropertiesBeanDefinitionReader(
ctx);
propReader.loadBeanDefinitions(res);
PropBean propBean = (PropBean) ctx.getBean("propBean");
assertNotNull(propBean);
assertNotNull(propBean.getId());
assertNotNull(propBean.getChildBean());
assertNotNull(propBean.getChildBean().getCid());
}
也可以完全不用单独定义个properties文件,只需要把相关的key-value放到一个Map中,再通过PropertiesBeanDefinitionReader加载这个map中的key-value。
通过这种方式,使用者可以根据需要自定义些bean的定义规则,比如可以把bean定义放在数据库中,把数据库中的信息读取出来拼接成满足properties规则的bean定义,在Spring中就定义了一个org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcBeanDefinitionReader来完成这种需求,看下这个类的代码。
public class JdbcBeanDefinitionReader {
private final PropertiesBeanDefinitionReader propReader;
private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
/**
* Create a new JdbcBeanDefinitionReader for the given bean factory,
* using a default PropertiesBeanDefinitionReader underneath.
* <p>DataSource or JdbcTemplate still need to be set.
* @see #setDataSource
* @see #setJdbcTemplate
*/
public JdbcBeanDefinitionReader(BeanDefinitionRegistry beanFactory) {
this.propReader = new PropertiesBeanDefinitionReader(beanFactory);
}
/**
* Create a new JdbcBeanDefinitionReader that delegates to the
* given PropertiesBeanDefinitionReader underneath.
* <p>DataSource or JdbcTemplate still need to be set.
* @see #setDataSource
* @see #setJdbcTemplate
*/
public JdbcBeanDefinitionReader(PropertiesBeanDefinitionReader beanDefinitionReader) {
Assert.notNull(beanDefinitionReader, "Bean definition reader must not be null");
this.propReader = beanDefinitionReader;
}
/**
* Set the DataSource to use to obtain database connections.
* Will implicitly create a new JdbcTemplate with the given DataSource.
*/
public void setDataSource(DataSource dataSource) {
this.jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
}
/**
* Set the JdbcTemplate to be used by this bean factory.
* Contains settings for DataSource, SQLExceptionTranslator, NativeJdbcExtractor, etc.
*/
public void setJdbcTemplate(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate) {
Assert.notNull(jdbcTemplate, "JdbcTemplate must not be null");
this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate;
}
/**
* Load bean definitions from the database via the given SQL string.
* @param sql SQL query to use for loading bean definitions.
* The first three columns must be bean name, property name and value.
* Any join and any other columns are permitted: e.g.
* {@code SELECT BEAN_NAME, PROPERTY, VALUE FROM CONFIG WHERE CONFIG.APP_ID = 1}
* It's also possible to perform a join. Column names are not significant --
* only the ordering of these first three columns.
*/
public void loadBeanDefinitions(String sql) {
Assert.notNull(this.jdbcTemplate, "Not fully configured - specify DataSource or JdbcTemplate");
final Properties props = new Properties();
this.jdbcTemplate.query(sql, new RowCallbackHandler() {
public void processRow(ResultSet rs) throws SQLException {
String beanName = rs.getString(1);
String property = rs.getString(2);
String value = rs.getString(3);
// Make a properties entry by combining bean name and property.
props.setProperty(beanName + "." + property, value);
}
});
this.propReader.registerBeanDefinitions(props);
}
}
此外,通过理解PropertiesBeanDefinitionReader的实现方式,发现也可以通过扩展BeanDefinitionReader来扩展bean定义,我们可以通过继承AbstractBeanDefinitionReader来完成这种扩展。