异常链

1.想在捕获一个异常后抛出另一个异常,并且希望把始的异常信息保存下来,这种叫做异常链

2.在throwable的子类中，只有3种异常类提供了cause参数  Error,Exception,RuntimeException

3.如果要把其它异常连接起来,应该用initCause()而不是构造器

class DynamicFieldsException extends Exception{
	
}
public class DynamicFields {
	private Object[][] fields;
	public DynamicFields(int initialSize) {
		fields = new Object[initialSize][2];
		for(int i = 0;i < initialSize;i++) {
			fields[i] = new Object[] {null,null};
		}
	}
	
	public String toString() {
		StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
		for (Object[] objects : fields) {
			result.append(objects[0]);
			result.append(" :");
			result.append(objects[1]);
			result.append("\n");
		}
		return result.toString();
	}
	
	private int hasField(String id) {
		for(int i = 0;i <fields.length;i++) {
			if(id.equals(fields[i][0])) 
				return i;
		}
			return -1;
	}


	/**
	 * 
	 * @param id
	 * @return
	 * @throws NoSuchFieldException
	 */
	private int getFieldNumber(String id) throws NoSuchFieldException{
		int fieldNum = hasField(id);
		if(fieldNum == -1)
			throw new  NoSuchFieldException();
		return fieldNum;
	}
	private int makeField(String id) {
		for(int i = 0; i < fields.length;i++) 
			if(fields[i][0] == null) {
				fields[i][0] = id;
				return i;
			}
		Object[][] tmp = new Object[fields.length + 1][2];
		System.arraycopy(fields, 0, tmp, 0,fields.length);
		tmp[tmp.length - 1] = new Object[] {null,null};
		fields = tmp;
		return makeField(id);
	}
	
	public Object getField(String id) throws NoSuchFieldException{
		return fields[getFieldNumber(id)][1];
	}
	
	public Object setField(String id,Object value) throws DynamicFieldsException{
		if(value == null) {
			DynamicFieldsException dfe = new DynamicFieldsException();
			dfe.initCause(new NullPointerException());
			throw dfe;
		}
		int fieldNumber = hasField(id);
		
		if(fieldNumber == -1)
			fieldNumber = makeField(id);
		Object result = null;
		
		try {
			result = getField(id);
		} catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
			throw new RuntimeException(e);
		}


		fields[fieldNumber][1] = value;
		return result;
	}
	
public static void main(String[] args) {
	DynamicFields df = new DynamicFields(3);
	
	System.out.println(df);
	try {
		df.setField("d", "A value for d");
		df.setField("number", 47);
		df.setField("number2", 48);
		System.out.println(df);
		df.setField("number3", 11);
		System.out.println("df" + df);
		System.out.println("df.getField(\"d\"):" + df.getField("d"));
		Object field = df.setField("d", null);
	} catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
		e.printStackTrace(System.err);
	} catch (DynamicFieldsException e) {
		e.printStackTrace(System.err);
	}
}

}

结果为：

null :null
null :null
null :null


d :A value for d
number :47
number2 :48


dfd :A value for d
number :47
number2 :48
number3 :11


df.getField("d"):A value for d
com.yaoqiang._class.DynamicFieldsException
at com.yaoqiang._class.DynamicFields.setField(DynamicFields.java:65)
at com.yaoqiang._class.DynamicFields.main(DynamicFields.java:97)
Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException
at com.yaoqiang._class.DynamicFields.setField(DynamicFields.java:66)
... 1 more