《python编程从入门到实践》读书笔记—第6章 字典

1.字典基本形式

peter_list={'height':'178','weight':'140'}#字典的基本构成
print(peter_list['height'])
print(peter_list['weight'])

    字典主要由两部分构成：key：value，其中value可以是数字，字符串，列表，字典。

2.字典操作：

2.1  访问字典中的值

    要获取与key相对应的value。可依次指定字典名和key。例如：

peter_list={'height':'178','weight':'140'}
print(peter_list['height'])
print(peter_list['weight'])

    输出结果 

178
140

 

2.2  添加键-值对

      字典是一种动态结构，可随时在其中添加key—value对。要添加key—value对。可以依次指定字典名、用方括号将key—value对来添加元素。例如：

peter_list={'height':'178','weight':'140'}
peter_list['IQ']=100
peter_list['EQ']=50
print(peter_list)

输出结果 ：

{'height': '178', 'weight': '140', 'IQ': 100, 'EQ': 50}

2.3  创建空字典

peter_list={}
peter_list['height']=178
peter_list['weight']=140
peter_list['IQ']=100
peter_list['EQ']=50
print(peter_list)

{'height': 178, 'weight': 140, 'IQ': 100, 'EQ': 50}

 

2.4  修改字典中的值

peter_list={'height':'178','weight':'140','IQ':'100','EQ':'50'}
peter_list['weight']='150'
peter_list['EQ']='80'
print(peter_list)

{'height': '178', 'weight': '150', 'IQ': '100', 'EQ': '80'}

 

2.5  删除键-对值

peter_list={'height':'178','weight':'140','IQ':'100','EQ':'50'}
del peter_list['weight']
print(peter_list)

{'height': '178', 'IQ': '100', 'EQ': '50'}

 

2.6  由类似对象组成的字典

grade_list={
    'peter':'100',
    'jack' :'99',
    'tom'  :'98',
    'twob' :'60',
      }
print('In test,recently, of the python programming. Peter get '+grade_list['peter']+' scores.')

输出结果： 

In test,recently, of the python programming. Peter get 100 scores.

 

3.遍历字典

3.1 遍历所有的键对值

peter_list={'height':'178','weight':'150','IQ':'100'}
for key,value in peter_list.items():
    print("\nKey: "+key)
    print("Value: "+value)

程序第一次输入犯的错误：

1，定义字典数据类型的时候，应该使用“{}”，而不是“[]”

2，for key,value in peter_list.items():当中key和value当中的‘，’

3，同时不要忘记了，items后面的“s”

输出结果：

Key: height
Value: 178

Key: weight
Value: 150

Key: IQ
Value: 100

3.2 遍历字典中所有的键

peter_list={'height':'178','weight':'150','IQ':'100'}
for key in peter_list.keys():
    if key=='IQ':
        print("\nKey: "+key.upper())
    else:
        print("\nKey: "+key.title())

 程序第一次输入犯的错误：

1，不要忘记了if-else语句在python中的强制缩进

2，if key=='IQ': 在判断字符串相等的时候，IQ的单引号不能漏掉，不然就会报类型不匹配的错误

Key: Height

Key: Weight

Key: IQ

 

3.3 按顺序遍历字典中的所有键-值对

name_list={'peter':'100','jack':'99','tom':'98','mary':'95','alice':'90','william':'60',}
for key,value in sorted(name_list.items()):
    if value=='100':
        print(key.title()+',Amazing grade.')
    elif value >= '90':
        print(key.title()+',Great grade.')
    else:   
        print(key.title()+',You need to work harder.')

Alice,Great grade.
Jack,Great grade.
Mary,Great grade.
Peter,Amazing grade.
Tom,Great grade.
William,You need to work harder.

 

3.4 遍历字典中的所有值

name_list={'peter':'100','jack':'99','tom':'98','mary':'95','alice':'90','william':'60',}
amazing=0
great=0
ok=0
for value in sorted(name_list.values()):
    if value=='100':
        amazing=amazing+1
    elif value >= '90':
        great=great+1
    else:   
        ok=ok+1
print("Amazing level:"+str(amazing))
print("\nGreat level:"+str(great))
print("\nOK level:"+str(ok))

需要注意的地方在于，在print时，需要将int型的amazing，great，ok转化为str类型，这样才能用+号连接，并print。 

Amazing level:1

Great level:4

OK level:1

 

4.嵌套

4.1 字典列表

peter_list={'height':'178','weight':'150'}
alice_list={'height':'160','weight':'100'}
tom_list={'height':'170','weight':'120'}
name_list=[peter_list,alice_list,tom_list]
for name in name_list:
    print(name)

{'height': '178', 'weight': '150'}
{'height': '160', 'weight': '100'}
{'height': '170', 'weight': '120'}

 拓展版：（借用书中的生成外星人的例子）

aliens=[]
for alien_number in range(30):
    new_alien={'color':'green','point':'5','speed':'low'}
    aliens.append(new_alien)
for alien in aliens[0:5]:
    print(alien)
print('...')
print('Total number of alien:'+str(len(aliens)))

{'color': 'green', 'point': '5', 'speed': 'low'}
{'color': 'green', 'point': '5', 'speed': 'low'}
{'color': 'green', 'point': '5', 'speed': 'low'}
{'color': 'green', 'point': '5', 'speed': 'low'}
{'color': 'green', 'point': '5', 'speed': 'low'}
...
Total number of alien:30

 

4.2 字典中储存列表

pizza={
       'crust':'thick',
       'toppings':['mushroom','extra cheese']
    }
print("you ordered a "+pizza['crust']+"-crust pizza"+
      " with the following toppings")

for topping in pizza['toppings']:
    print("\t"+topping)

 要注意的点在—调用pizza[ ]时，内部的‘ ’不能省去。

pizza['crust']√        pizza[crust]

 ordered a thick-crust pizza with the following toppings
	mushroom
	extra cheese

拓展版：

skill_languages={
  'peter':['C','python,','matlab'],
  'rinbow':['C','java','matlab','go'],
  'jam':['C','C++','matlab'],
    }
for name,languages in skill_languages.items():
    print("\n"+name.title()+"'s favorite languages are:")
    for language in languages:
        print("\t"+language.title())

Peter's favorite languages are:
	C
	Python,
	Matlab

Rinbow's favorite languages are:
	C
	Java
	Matlab
	Go

Jam's favorite languages are:
	C
	C++
	Matlab

4.3 在字典中存储字典

lists={
    'jams':{
        'first':'Cavaliers',
        'then':'Miami Heat to Cavaliers',
        'effect team':'Los Angeles Lakers',
     
        },
    'kobe':{
         'first':'Los Angeles Lakers',
        'then':'Los Angeles Lakers',
        'effect team':'none',
     
        }
    }
for name,team in lists.items():
    print("\nname:"+name)
    playteam=team['first']+"-→-"+team['then']+"-→-"+team['effect team']
    print("\tplayteam:"+playteam.title())

name:jams
	playteam:Cavaliers-→-Miami Heat To Cavaliers-→-Los Angeles Lakers

name:kobe
	playteam:Los Angeles Lakers-→-Los Angeles Lakers-→-None