传智播客Hibernate视频教程学习笔记21

 

 多对多关系的关联映射：

学生教师关系为例

Student.java

package domain; import java.util.Set; public class Student { private int id; private String name; private Set<Teacher> teachers; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Set<Teacher> getTeachers() { return teachers; } public void setTeachers(Set<Teacher> teachers) { this.teachers = teachers; } }

Teacher.java

package domain; import java.util.Set; public class Teacher { private int id; private String name; private Set<Student> students; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public void setStudents(Set<Student> students) { this.students = students; } public Set<Student> getStudents() { return students; } }

Student.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping package="domain"> <class name="Student"> <id name="id"> <generator class="native"/> </id> <property name="name"></property> <set name="teachers" table="teacher_student"> <key column="student_id"></key> <many-to-many class="Teacher" column="teacher_id"></many-to-many> </set> </class> </hibernate-mapping>

Teacher.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping package="domain"> <class name="Teacher"> <id name="id"> <generator class="native"/> </id> <property name="name"></property> <set name="students" table="teacher_student"> <key column="teacher_id"></key> <many-to-many class="Student" column="student_id"></many-to-many> </set> </class> </hibernate-mapping>

 

<set name="students" table="teacher_student">

   <key column="teacher_id"></key>
   <many-to-many class="Student" column="student_id"></many-to-many>
 </set>  
表示Teacher类中的students成员变量以Teacher类的id成员变量=teacher_student表中的teacher_id为条件，查找teacher_student表中所有符合条件的student_id，在通过student_id在Student表中查找具体信息，完成关联。

 

 

test.java

import domain.Student; import domain.Teacher; import hibernate.HibernateUtil; public class test { /** * @param args */ public static void main(String[] args) { Teacher t1 = new Teacher(); t1.setName("t1_name"); Teacher t2 = new Teacher(); t2.setName("t2_name"); Student s1 = new Student(); s1.setName("s1_name"); Student s2 = new Student(); s2.setName("s2_name"); HibernateUtil.add(s1); HibernateUtil.add(s2); HibernateUtil.add(t1); HibernateUtil.add(t2); } }

一开始不设置关联，测试插入，成功。

Hibernate: insert into Student (name) values (?)
Hibernate: insert into Student (name) values (?)
Hibernate: insert into Teacher (name) values (?)
Hibernate: insert into Teacher (name) values (?)

四条插入语句。

teacher_student关联表也自动生成。关联表中teacher_id student_id均为主键 外键。

也说明Hibernate只要在满足数据库单表中符合约束的值均可正常插入，此处关联信息在生成表中，所以单表中不像一对多关系有外键约束。

 

 

Set<Student> ss = new HashSet<Student>(); ss.add(s1); ss.add(s2); t1.setStudents(ss);

加入以上代码以后运行，正确生成关联，

Hibernate: insert into Student (name) values (?)
Hibernate: insert into Student (name) values (?)
Hibernate: insert into Teacher (name) values (?)
Hibernate: insert into teacher_student (teacher_id, student_id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into teacher_student (teacher_id, student_id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into Teacher (name) values (?)

 

 

但是如果同时给学生也设置老师集合，则报主键冲突错误

Set<Student> ss = new HashSet<Student>(); ss.add(s1); ss.add(s2); Set<Teacher> ts = new HashSet<Teacher>(); ts.add(t1); ts.add(t2); t1.setStudents(ss); s1.setTeachers(ts);

Exception in thread "main" org.hibernate.TransientObjectException: object references an unsaved transient instance - save the transient instance before flushing: domain.Teacher

其实学了关系映射以后，有一点一直不是很明白，Hibernate到底是怎么处理这种双向关系的，以前用jdbc模仿的时候也不会处理，只有一方为主来控制的，好像Hibernate也分主方从方，不明白。。。继续学习。。。