[Java核心技术(卷I)] - Java中的参数能做什么和不能做什么

1. 参考 - P123 ~ P126

2. 你将学到

Java中对方法参数能做什么和不能做什么

• 方法不能修改基本数据类型的参数(数值型或布尔型)
• 方法可以改变对象参数的状态
• 方法不能让一个对象参数引用一个新的对象

3. 代码证明

public class ParamTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        /** 
         * Test 1: Methods can`t modify numeric parameters
        */
        System.out.println("Testing tripleValue: ");
        double percent = 10;
        System.out.println("Before: percent=" + percent);
        tripleValue(percent);
        System.out.println("After: percent=" + percent);

        /** 
         * Test2: Methods can change the state of object parameters
        */
        System.out.println("\nTesting tripleSalary: ");
        Employee harry = new Employee("Harry", 5000);
        System.out.println("Before: salary=" + harry.getSalary());
        tripleSalary(harry);
        System.out.println("After: salary=" + harry.getSalary());

        /** 
         * Test3: Methods can`t attach new objects to object parameters
        */
        System.out.println("\nTesting swap:");
        Employee a = new Employee("Alice", 70000);
        Employee b = new Employee("Bob", 60000);
        System.out.println("Before: a=" + a.getName());
        System.out.println("Before: b=" + b.getName());
        swap(a, b);
        System.out.println("After: a=" + a.getName());
        System.out.println("After: b=" + b.getName());
    }

    public static void tripleValue(double x) {
        x = 3 * x;
        System.out.println("End of method: x=" + x); 
    }

    public static void tripleSalary(Employee x) {
        x.raiseSalary(200);
        System.out.println("End of method: salary=" + x.getSalary());
    }

    public static void swap(Employee x, Employee y) {
        Employee temp = x;
        x = y;
        y = temp;
        System.out.println("End of method: x=" + x.getName());
        System.out.println("End of method: y=" + y.getName());
    }
}

class Employee {
    private String name;
    private double salary;

    public Employee(String n, double s) {
        name = n;
        salary = s;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public double getSalary() {
        return salary;
    }

    public void raiseSalary(double byPercent) {
        double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;
        salary += raise;
    }
}