Python 的列表解析List comprehension能让语言更优雅,更可读。多重列表解析可以将二维结构展平(flatten)。比如有一个二维数组字典:
>>> data = {'A':[1, 2, 3], 'B':[4, 5, 6], 'C':[7, 8, 9]}
想要拉伸成一维的线性结构,可以用二重循环方法:
>>> new = []
>>> for key in data:
for value in data[key]:
new.append({key:value})
>>> new
[{'A': 1}, {'A': 2}, {'A': 3}, {'C': 7}, {'C': 8}, {'C': 9}, {'B': 4}, {'B': 5}, {'B': 6}]
>>>
用二维列表解析同样可以实现,不过要注意,列表解析中的for 的顺序和普通的写法一致,而不是想象中的越外层越后面:
>>> [{key:value} for key in data for value in data[key]]
[{'A': 1}, {'A': 2}, {'A': 3}, {'C': 7}, {'C': 8}, {'C': 9}, {'B': 4}, {'B': 5}, {'B': 6}]
>>>
再看两个二维列表的例子:
>>> data = [[0, 1, 2], [3, 4, 5], [6, 7, 8]]
>>> new = [y for x in data for y in x]
>>> new
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
>>>
>>> data = [[0, 1, 2], [4, 5], [6]]
>>> new = [y for x in data for y in x]
>>> new
[0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6]
>>>