java threadlocal

ThreadLocal通过一个Map来为每个线程都持有一个变量副本。这个map以当前线程为key。与synchronized相比，ThreadLocal是以空间换时间的策略来实现多线程程序。Synchronized和ThreadLocal关系ThreadLocal以空间换取时间，提供了一种非常简便的多线程实现方式。因为多个线程并发访问无需进行等待，所以使用ThreadLocal会获得更大的性能。虽然使用ThreadLocal会带来更多的内存开销，但这点开销是微不足道的。因为保存在ThreadLocal中的对象，通常都是比较小的对象。另外使用ThreadLocal不能使用原子类型，只能使用Object类型。ThreadLocal的使用比synchronized要简单得多。 

ThreadLocal和Synchonized都用于解决多线程并发访问。但是ThreadLocal与synchronized有本质的区别。synchronized是利用锁的机制，使变量或代码块在某一时该只能被一个线程访问。而ThreadLocal为每一个线程都提供了变量的副本，使得每个线程在某一时间访问到的并不是同一个对象，这样就隔离了多个线程对数据的数据共享。而Synchronized却正好相反，它用于在多个线程间通信时能够获得数据共享。 Synchronized用于线程间的数据共享，而ThreadLocal则用于线程间的数据隔离。当然ThreadLocal并不能替代synchronized,它们处理不同的问题域。Synchronized用于实现同步机制，比ThreadLocal更加复杂。 下面是这两种方法使用的试例代码。

/*原始试例代码*/
package com.mythreadlocal.test;

import java.util.Random;

public class TestThread implements Runnable {
	
	private Info local = new Info();
	
	public static void main(String args[]) {
		TestThread td = new TestThread();
		Thread t1 = new Thread(td,"a"); 
		Thread t2 = new Thread(td,"b"); 
		t1.start(); 
		t2.start();
	}
	
	public void run() {
		String currentThreadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
		System.out.println(currentThreadName+" is running!"); 
		Random random = new Random(); 
		int age = random.nextInt(100); 
		System.out.println("thread "+currentThreadName +" set age to:"+age);	
		local.setAge(age);
		System.out.println("thread "+currentThreadName+" first read age is:" + local.getAge());
		try {
			Thread.sleep(5000);
		} catch (InterruptedException ex) { 
			ex.printStackTrace(); 
		} 
		System.out.println("thread "+currentThreadName +" second read age is:" + local.getAge()); 
	}	
}

class Info {
	String name;
	int age;
	
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
}

/*Synchronized试例代码*/
package com.mythreadlocal.test;

import java.util.Random;

public class TestSync implements Runnable {
	
	private Info local = new Info();
	
	public static void main(String args[]) {
		TestSync td = new TestSync();
		Thread t1 = new Thread(td,"a"); 
		Thread t2 = new Thread(td,"b"); 
		t1.start(); 
		t2.start();
	}
	
	public void run() {
		String currentThreadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
		System.out.println(currentThreadName+" is running!");
		
		synchronized(local) {
			Random random = new Random(); 
			int age = random.nextInt(100); 
			System.out.println("thread "+currentThreadName +" set age to:"+age);
			
			local.setAge(age);
			System.out.println("thread "+currentThreadName+" first read age is:" + local.getAge());
			try {
				Thread.sleep(5000);
			} catch (InterruptedException ex) { 
				ex.printStackTrace(); 
			} 
			System.out.println("thread "+currentThreadName +" second read age is:" + local.getAge()); 
		}
	}
}

class Info {
	String name;
	int age;
	
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
}

/*ThreadLocal试例代码*/
package com.mythreadlocal.test;

import java.util.Random;

public class TestThreadLocal implements Runnable {
	
	private ThreadLocal<Info> local = new ThreadLocal<Info>();
	
	public static void main(String args[]) {
		TestThreadLocal td = new TestThreadLocal();
		Thread t1 = new Thread(td,"a"); 
		Thread t2 = new Thread(td,"b"); 
		t1.start(); 
		t2.start();
	}
	
	public void run() {
		String currentThreadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
		System.out.println(currentThreadName+" is running!"); 
		Random random = new Random(); 
		int age = random.nextInt(100); 
		System.out.println("thread "+currentThreadName +" set age to:"+age);	
		
		Info i = getInfo();
		i.setAge(age);
		
		System.out.println("thread "+currentThreadName+" first read age is:" + i.getAge());
		try {
			Thread.sleep(5000);
		} catch (InterruptedException ex) { 
			ex.printStackTrace(); 
		} 
		System.out.println("thread "+currentThreadName +" second read age is:" + i.getAge()); 
	}
	
	public Info getInfo() {
		Info i = local.get();
		if (i == null) {
			i = new Info();
			local.set(i);
		}
		return i;
	}
}

class Info {
	String name;
	int age;
	
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
}