MySQL学习足迹记录11--分组数据--GROUP BY，HAVING

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/piniheaven/article/details/9300671

1.创建分组GROUP BY
先列出所有的vend_id，以便作对比
mysql> SELECT vend_id FROM products;
+---------+
| vend_id |
+---------+
| 1001 |
| 1001 |
| 1001 |
| 1002 |
| 1002 |
| 1003 |
| 1003 |
| 1003 |
| 1003 |
| 1003 |
| 1003 |
| 1003 |
| 1005 |
| 1005 |
+---------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

用GROUP BY进行分组
mysql> SELECT vend_id,COUNT(*) AS num_prods
-> FROM products #先分组，再分别计算COUNT（*）
-> GROUP BY vend_id;
+---------+-----------+
| vend_id | num_prods |
+---------+-----------+
| 1001 | 3 |
| 1002 | 2 |
| 1003 | 7 |
| 1005 | 2 |
+---------+-----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

TIPS：
*如果列中有多行NULL值，它们将分为一组
*GROUP BY子句必须出现在WHERE子句之后，ORDER BY子句之前

2.过滤分组HAVING
*HAVING 与 WHERE 的区别：
WHERE过滤行，而HAVING过滤分组

eg:
mysql> SELECT vend_id,COUNT(*) AS num_prods
-> FROM products
-> GROUP BY vend_id
-> HAVING COUNT(*)>2; #从结果中过滤不符合COUNT(*)>2的组
+---------+-----------+
| vend_id | num_prods |
+---------+-----------+
| 1001 | 3 |
| 1003 | 7 |
+---------+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

* WHERE在数据分组前进行过滤，HAVING在数据分组后进行过滤，所以，WHERE排除的行不包括在分组中
eg:
先列出原始数据作对比
mysql> SELECT vend_id,prod_price FROM products
-> ORDER BY prod_price;
+---------+------------+
| vend_id | prod_price |
+---------+------------+
| 1003 | 2.50 |
| 1003 | 2.50 |
| 1002 | 3.42 |
| 1003 | 4.49 |
| 1001 | 5.99 |
| 1002 | 8.99 |
| 1001 | 9.99 |
| 1003 | 10.00 |
| 1003 | 10.00 |
| 1003 | 13.00 |
| 1001 | 14.99 |
| 1005 | 35.00 |
| 1003 | 50.00 |
| 1005 | 55.00 |
+---------+------------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec )

mysql> SELECT vend_id,COUNT(*) AS num_prods
-> FROM products

-> WHERE prod_price >14 #WHERE过滤后只剩下上表中最后3条记录，

-> GROUP BY vend_id #HAVING再过滤分组后vend_id为不符合COUNT(*) >=2组

-> HAVING COUNT(*) >=2;
+---------+-----------+
| vend_id | num_prods |
+---------+-----------+
| 1005 | 2 |
+---------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

3. 分组和排序
GROUP BY和ORDER BY的区别
*ORDER BY指定的条件可以是任意列
*GROUP BY指定的条件只可能使用选择列或列表达式

TIPS：
一般在使用GROUP BY子句时，也应该给出ORDER BY子句
Examples:
先列出原始数据：
mysql> SELECT order_num,quantity,item_price FROM orderitems;
+-----------+----------+------------+
| order_num | quantity | item_price |
+-----------+----------+------------+
| 20005 | 10 | 5.99 |
| 20005 | 3 | 9.99 |
| 20005 | 5 | 10.00 |
| 20005 | 1 | 10.00 |
| 20006 | 1 | 55.00 |
| 20007 | 100 | 10.00 |
| 20008 | 50 | 2.50 |
| 20009 | 1 | 10.00 |
| 20009 | 1 | 8.99 |
| 20009 | 1 | 4.49 |
| 20009 | 1 | 14.99 |
+-----------+----------+------------+
11 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT order_num,SUM(quantity*item_price) AS ordertotal
-> FROM orderitems
-> GROUP BY order_num
-> HAVING SUM(quantity*item_price) >= 50;
+-----------+------------+ #未用ORDERBY指定排序，结果可能不是想要的，例如按ordertotal升序
| order_num | ordertotal |
+-----------+------------+
| 20005 | 149.87 |
| 20006 | 55.00 |
| 20007 | 1000.00 |
| 20008 | 125.00 |
+-----------+------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT order_num,SUM(quantity*item_price) AS ordertotal
-> FROM orderitems
-> GROUP BY order_num
-> HAVING SUM(quantity*item_price) >=50
-> ORDER BY ordertotal; # 用ORDERBY指定排序方式
+-----------+------------+
| order_num | ordertotal |
+-----------+------------+
| 20006 | 55.00 |
| 20008 | 125.00 |
| 20005 | 149.87 |
| 20007 | 1000.00 |
+-----------+------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)