默认的遍历
对象可以直接使用foreach进行遍历,默认情况下,将遍历全部可见属性。
class MyClass
{
private $var1 = [1,2,3];
public $var2 = [4,5,6];
public function iter() {
foreach ($this as $key => $val) {
echo "key: $key => val:\n";
var_dump($val);
}
}
}
$a = new MyClass;
$a->iter();
echo "**************\n";
foreach($a as $key => $val) {
echo "key: $key => val:\n";
var_dump($val);
}
/*
key: var1 => val:
array(3) {
[0]=>
int(1)
[1]=>
int(2)
[2]=>
int(3)
}
key: var2 => val:
array(3) {
[0]=>
int(4)
[1]=>
int(5)
[2]=>
int(6)
}
**************
key: var2 => val:
array(3) {
[0]=>
int(4)
[1]=>
int(5)
[2]=>
int(6)
}
*/
Iterator接口
如果类继承了此接口,则可以通过实现该接口中的方法来控制遍历过程,这些方法包括:
abstract public mixed Iterator::current ( void )
- 返回当前元素
abstract public scalar Iterator::key ( void )
- 返回当前元素的键(失败时返回null)
abstract public void Iterator::next ( void )
- 向前移动到下一个元素
abstract public void Iterator::rewind ( void )
- 返回到第一个元素,在foreach开始前被自动调用
abstract public boolean Iterator::valid ( void )
- 此方法在 Iterator::rewind() 和 Iterator::next() 方法之后被调用以此用来检查当前位置是否有效。
class MyClass implements Iterator
{
private $var1 = [1, 2, 3];
private $var2 = [4, 5, 6];
private $site = 0;
private function getDat($site) {
if ($site < count($this->var1)) {
return $this->var1[$site];
}
else {
return $this->var2[$site - count($this->var1)];
}
}
// foreach前被调用
public function rewind() {
$this->site = 0;
}
// 返回当前项的值
public function current() {
return $this->getDat($this->site);
}
// 返回当前项的键
public function key() {
return $this->site;
}
// 移到下一项
public function next() {
$this->site++;
}
// 判断遍历是否已结束
public function valid() {
if($this->site < count($this->var1) + count($this->var2))
return true;
return false;
}
}
$a = new MyClass;
foreach ($a as $key => $val) {
echo "key: $key => val: $val\n";
}
/*
key: 0 => val: 1
key: 1 => val: 2
key: 2 => val: 3
key: 3 => val: 4
key: 4 => val: 5
key: 5 => val: 6
*/
IteratorAggregate接口
类实现此接口后也可以实现对遍历的控制,该接口只有一个方法:
abstract public Traversable IteratorAggregate::getIterator ( void )
虽然方法简单,但此方法的返回值却要求是一个实现了 Iterator 或 Traversable 接口的类的一个实例。 下例仍然会使用到Iterator接口,但可以定义一个相对通用一点的类。
class MyIterator implements Iterator
{
private $arr;
private $site = 0;
public function __construct($arr) {
$this->arr = $arr;
}
// foreach前被调用
public function rewind() {
$this->site = 0;
}
// 返回当前项的值
public function current() {
return $this->arr[$this->site];
}
// 返回当前项的键
public function key() {
return $this->site;
}
// 移到下一项
public function next() {
$this->site++;
}
// 判断遍历是否已结束
public function valid() {
if($this->site < count($this->arr))
return true;
return false;
}
}
class MyClass implements IteratorAggregate
{
private $var1 = [1,2,3];
private $var2 = [4,5,6];
public function getIterator() {
return new MyIterator(array_merge($this->var1, $this->var2));
}
}
$a = new MyClass;
foreach ($a as $key => $val) {
echo "key: $key => val: $val\n";
}
/*
key: 0 => val: 1
key: 1 => val: 2
key: 2 => val: 3
key: 3 => val: 4
key: 4 => val: 5
key: 5 => val: 6
*/