java对象的五种创建方式

示例对象

public class People {

    private String name;

    private String address;

    public People() {

    }

    public People(String name, String address) {
        this.name = name;
        this.address = address;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }
}

构造器创建对象

People people = new People("lili", "china");

利用class的反射机制

Class peopleClass = People.class;   //获得People的Class实例对象
People people = (People)peopleClass.newInstance(); //

Class clazz = Class.forName("People");
People people = (People)clazz.newInstance();

这种方式适用于有无参构造器的类

利用序列化的方式构造实例对象

public class CreateFour implements Serializable {  

    public static void main(String args[]) {  
        CreateFour fCreateFour = new CreateFour();  
        ObjectOutputStream objectStream;  
        try {  
            objectStream = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("res/obj.txt"));  
            objectStream.writeObject(fCreateFour);  

            ObjectInputStream objectInputStream = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("res/obj.txt"));  
            CreateFour cloneFour = (CreateFour) objectInputStream.readObject();  
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {  
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (IOException e) {  
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {  
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
    }  

}  

这种方式前提是该类必须要实现Serializable

利用Object的clone方法

    public class CreateFour implements Cloneable {  

    public static void main(String args[]) {  
        CreateFour f = new CreateFour();  
        try {  
            CreateFour cloneObject = (CreateFour) f.clone();  
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {  
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
    }  

}  

该类必须实现Cloneable接口，不然会抛出异常CloneNotSupportedException

使用Objenesis来实例化对象

Objenesis objenesis = new ObjenesisStd();
ObjectInstantiator instantiator = objenesis.getInstantiatorOf(People.class);
People people = (People) instantiator.newInstance();

使用场合

Java已经支持使用Class.newInstance()动态实例化类的实例。但是类必须拥有一个合适的构造器。有很多场景下不能使用这种方式实例化类，比如：
- 构造器需要参数
- 构造器有side effects
- 构造器会抛异常
因此，在类库中经常会有类必须拥有一个默认构造器的限制。Objenesis通过绕开对象实例构造器来克服这个限制。

典型应用

• 序列化，远程调用和持久化 -对象需要实例化并存储为到一个特殊的状态，而没有调用代码。
• 代理，AOP库和Mock对象 -类可以被子类继承而子类不用担心父类的构造器
• 容器框架 -对象可以以非标准的方式被动态实例化。