python 网络编程

python 网络编程，首先我们认识一下socket，什么是socket？相信大家都是有备而来，不赘述，直接看下面。

创建server 只需要六个步骤：

1. 创建socket对象。调用socket构造函数。
sock = socket.socket(family, type)

2. 将socket绑定（指派）到指定地址上，socket.bind(address)
sock.bind(('host', port))

3. 绑定后，必须准备好套接字，以便接受连接请求。
sock.listen(5)

4. 服务器套接字通过socket的accept方法等待客户请求一个连接
ss = sock.accept()

5. 处理阶段，服务器和客户通过send和recv方法通信（传输数据）。
recieve = ss.recv() ss.send(msg)

6. 传输结束，服务器调用socket的close方法以关闭连接。
ss.close() socket.close()

eg:
import socket

sock = socket.socket()

sock.bind(('127.0.0.1',8888))

sock.listen(5)

sc,address = sock.accept()

sc.send('hello i am server')

recvMsg = sc.recv(512)

print recvMsg

sc.close()

sock.close()

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创建client 客户端只需要四个步骤：

1. 创建一个socket以连接服务器socket=socket.socket(family,type)
sock = socket.socket(family, type)

2. 使用socket的connect方法连接服务socket.connect((host,port))
sock.connet(('host',port))

3. 客户和服务器通过send和recv方法通信。
sock.send(Msg)
sock.recv(512)

4. 结束后，客户通过调用socket的close方法来关闭连接。
sock.close()

eg:

import socket

sock = socket.socket()

sock.connect(('127.0.0.1',8888))

sock.send('hello i am client')

recvMsg = sock.recv(512)

print recvMsg

sock.close()
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模拟一个聊天室的场景，server可以不断地接收来自客户端的连接及信息推送：

accept、recv、send 方法都是阻塞的，因此我们需要借助多线程来实现，代码如下。

#server.py
import socket
import threading
clients = []
class RecvMsg(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, sock):
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
self.sock = sock
def run(self):
global clients
while True:
msg = self.sock.recv(512)
print msg
for client in clients:
if client != self.sock:
client.send(msg)

def main():
sock = socket.socket()
sock.bind(('127.0.0.1',8888))
sock.listen(5)
while True:
client, address = sock.accept()
print 'a client connected'
if client not in clients:
clients.append(client)
recvMsg = RecvMsg(client)
recvMsg.start()
sock.close()

if __name__ == "__main__":
main()

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#client.py
import socket
import threading
import os
class RecvMsg(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, sock):
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
self.sock = sock

def run(self):
while True:
recvMsg = self.sock.recv(512)
print recvMsg

def sendMsg(sock):
msg = raw_input()
message = {}
message['id'] = os.getpid()
message['msg'] = msg
print message
sock.send(str(message))

def main():
sock = socket.socket()
sock.connect(('127.0.0.1',8888))
recvMsg = RecvMsg(sock)
recvMsg.start()
while True:
sendMsg(sock)


if __name__ == "__main__":
main()

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