1.新式类对象可以直接通过__class__属性获取自身类型:type
2.继承搜索的顺序发生了改变,经典类多继承属性搜索顺序: 先深入继承树左侧,再返回,开始找右侧;新式类多继承属性搜索顺序: 先水平搜索,然后再向上移动
#经典类
class A: def __init__(self): print 'This is A' def save(self): print 'save method from A' class B (A): def __init__(self): print 'this is B' class C (A): def __init__(self): print 'this is C' def save(self): print 'save mothod from C' class D(B,C): def __init__(self): print 'this is D' d=D() d.save()
运行结果为:
this is D
save method from A
经典类的搜索顺序是D->B->A,是一种深度优先查找方式
#新式类
class A(object): def __init__(self): print 'This is A' def save(self): print 'save method from A' class B (A): def __init__(self): print 'this is B' class C (A): def __init__(self): print 'this is C' def save(self): print 'save mothod from C' class D(B,C): def __init__(self): print 'this is D' d=D() d.save()运行结果为:
this is D save mothod from C
新式类的搜索顺序是D->B->C->A,是一种广度优先查找方式
3.新式类增加了__slots__内置属性, 可以把实例属性的种类锁定到__slots__规定的范围之中
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
class Student(object): __slots__ = ('name', 'age') #只允许Student拥有name和age属性 def __init__(self): self.name='张三' self.age=20 self.sex='男' student=Student()运行结果:AttributeError: 'Student' object has no attribute 'sex'报错
4.新式类增加了__getattribute__方法
Python 2.x中默认都是经典类,只有显式继承了object才是新式类 Python 3.x中默认都是新式类,不必显式的继承object