url: http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/8fskxacy(VS.80).aspx
如果一个程序使用 DLL 定义的公共符号,就说该程序是在导入公共符号。为使用 DLL 生成的应用程序创建头文件时,在公共符号的声明上使用 __declspec(dllimport)。不论是用 .def 文件导出还是用 __declspec(dllexport) 关键字导出,__declspec(dllimport) 关键字均有效。
若要提高代码的可读性,请为 __declspec(dllimport) 定义一个宏,然后使用此宏声明每个导入的符号:
#define DllImport __declspec( dllimport ) DllImport int j; DllImport void func();
在函数声明上使用 __declspec(dllimport) 是可选操作,但如果使用此关键字,编译器将生成更有效的代码。但是,为使导入的可执行文件能够访问 DLL 的公共数据符号和对象,必须使用 __declspec(dllimport)。请注意,DLL 的用户仍然需要与导入库链接。
对 DLL 和客户端应用程序可以使用相同的头文件。为此,请使用特殊的预处理器符号来指示是生成 DLL 还是生成客户端应用程序。例如:
#ifdef _EXPORTING
#define CLASS_DECLSPEC __declspec(dllexport)
#else
#define CLASS_DECLSPEC __declspec(dllimport)
#endif
class CLASS_DECLSPEC CExampleA : public CObject
{ ... class definition ... };
==============================================
A program that uses public symbols defined by a DLL is said to import them. When you create header files for applications that use your DLLs to build with, use __declspec(dllimport) on the declarations of the public symbols. The keyword __declspec(dllimport) works whether you export with .def files or with the __declspec(dllexport) keyword.
To make your code more readable, define a macro for __declspec(dllimport) and then use the macro to declare each imported symbol:
#define DllImport __declspec( dllimport ) DllImport int j; DllImport void func();
Using __declspec(dllimport) is optional on function declarations, but the compiler produces more efficient code if you use this keyword. However, you must use __declspec(dllimport) for the importing executable to access the DLL's public data symbols and objects. Note that the users of your DLL still need to link with an import library.
You can use the same header file for both the DLL and the client application. To do this, use a special preprocessor symbol that indicates whether you are building the DLL or building the client application. For example:
#ifdef _EXPORTING #define CLASS_DECLSPEC __declspec(dllexport) #else #define CLASS_DECLSPEC __declspec(dllimport) #endif class CLASS_DECLSPEC CExampleA : public CObject { ... class definition ... };