Nginx配置文件解析及功能演示

Nginx配置文件解析及功能演示

一、实验环境

• 共三台虚拟机、两台httpd、1台nginx ，防火墙全部关闭状态
• httpd1 192.168.0.243 已成功安装apache,并能成功访问测试页
• httpd 2 192.168.0.244 已成功安装apache,并能成功访问测试页
• nginx 192.168.0.250 源码安装
• nginx 版本nginx 1.19
• 一台宿主机做客户端win10

二、nginx配置文件

nginx安装完毕之后，对于初学者来说，眨眼一看，哇塞。这配置文件这么多内容。有点奔溃。没关系同学们先不要怕。

1、nginx完整版配置文件

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

2、nginx配置文件纯净版

其实去掉注释之后，也就这么几行。

worker_processes  1;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }
}

三、反响代理

什么是正向代理？什么是反向代理？

正向代理，架设在客户机与目标主机之间，只用于代理内部网络对Internet的连接请求，客户机必须指定代理服务器,并将本来要直接发送到Web服务器上的http请求发送到代理服务器中。

反向代理服务器架设在服务器端，通过缓冲经常被请求的页面来缓解服务器的工作量，将客户机请求转发给内部网络上的目标服务器；并将从服务器上得到的结果返回给Internet上请求连接的客户端，此时代理服务器与目标主机一起对外表现为一个服务器。

反向代理的应用

现在许多大型web网站都用到反向代理。除了可以防止外网对内网服务器的恶性攻击、缓存以减少服务器的压力和访问安全控制之外，还可以进行负载均衡，将用户请求分配给多个服务器。

反向代理实例

单服务器代理访问

下面我们用nginx 反向代理Apache1 （192.168.0.244）

Nginx配置如下：

worker_processes  1;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
        location / {
                proxy_pass http://192.168.0.244:80;
        }
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }
}

多域名多服务器访问不同网站

我们可以通过不同的域名，让Nginx跳转到不同的服务器。

开始之前先到/etc/hosts 下把ftpserver.com zabbix.com 都映射到nginx服务器。

worker_processes  1;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
 
 server {
        listen      80;
        server_name  ftpserver.com;
 
                location / {
                proxy_pass http://192.168.0.243:80;
                           }
 
        }
 server {
        listen     80;
        server_name  zabbix.com;
 
                location / {
                proxy_pass http://192.168.0.244:80;
                           }
 
        }
 
    }

多域名单台服务器实现多个网站

四、负载均衡

代码：

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

worker_processes  1;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    upstream myweb{
	server 192.168.0.243:80 weight=1;
	server 192.168.0.244:80	weight=1; 
    }
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
        location / {
            proxy_pass http://myweb;
        }
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }
}