python ftplib模块FTP类用法说明

 

函数释义

Python中默认安装的ftplib模块定义了FTP类,其中函数有限,可用来实现简单的ftp客户端,用于上传或下载文件,函数列举如下

ftp登陆连接
from ftplib import FTP            #加载ftp模块
ftp=FTP()                         #设置变量
ftp.encoding='gbk'                #支持中文路径和文件名
ftp.set_debuglevel(2)             #打开调试级别2,显示详细信息
ftp.connect("IP","port")          #连接的ftp sever和端口
ftp.login("user","password")      #连接的用户名,密码
print ftp.getwelcome()            #打印出欢迎信息
ftp.cmd("xxx/xxx")                #进入远程目录
bufsize=1024                      #设置的缓冲区大小
filename="filename.txt"           #需要下载的文件
file_handle=open(filename,"wb").write #以写模式在本地打开文件
ftp.retrbinaly("RETR filename.txt",file_handle,bufsize) #接收服务器上文件并写入本地文件
ftp.set_debuglevel(0)             #关闭调试模式
ftp.quit()                        #退出ftp

ftp相关命令操作
ftp.cwd(pathname)                 #设置FTP当前操作的路径
ftp.dir()                         #显示目录下所有目录信息
ftp.nlst()                        #获取目录下的文件
ftp.mkd(pathname)                 #新建远程目录
ftp.pwd()                         #返回当前所在位置
ftp.rmd(dirname)                  #删除远程目录
ftp.delete(filename)              #删除远程文件
ftp.rename(fromname, toname)#将fromname修改名称为toname。
ftp.storbinaly("STOR filename.txt",file_handel,bufsize)  #上传目标文件
ftp.retrbinary("RETR filename.txt",file_handel,bufsize)  #下载FTP文件

FTP.quit()与FTP.close()的区别

  • FTP.quit():发送QUIT命令给服务器并关闭掉连接。这是一个比较“缓和”的关闭连接方式,但是如果服务器对QUIT命令返回错误时,会抛出异常。
  • FTP.close():单方面的关闭掉连接,不应该用在已经关闭的连接之后,例如不应用在FTP.quit()之后。

 

例1:下载、上传文件

 

#coding: utf-8
from ftplib import FTP
import time
import tarfile
#!/usr/bin/python
#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from ftplib import FTP

def ftpconnect(host, username, password):
    ftp = FTP()
    #ftp.set_debuglevel(2)         #打开调试级别2,显示详细信息
    ftp.connect(host, 21)          #连接
    ftp.login(username, password)  #登录,如果匿名登录则用空串代替即可
    return ftp
    
def downloadfile(ftp, remotepath, localpath):
    bufsize = 1024                #设置缓冲块大小
    fp = open(localpath,'wb')     #以写模式在本地打开文件
    ftp.retrbinary('RETR ' + remotepath, fp.write, bufsize) #接收服务器上文件并写入本地文件
    ftp.set_debuglevel(0)         #关闭调试
    fp.close()                    #关闭文件

def uploadfile(ftp, remotepath, localpath):
    bufsize = 1024
    fp = open(localpath, 'rb')
    ftp.storbinary('STOR '+ remotepath , fp, bufsize) #上传文件
    ftp.set_debuglevel(0)
    fp.close()                                    

if __name__ == "__main__":
    ftp = ftpconnect("******", "***", "***")
    downloadfile(ftp, "***", "***")
    uploadfile(ftp, "***", "***")

    ftp.quit()

 

例2:上传、下载文件/目录

 

#coding:utf-8
from ctypes import *
import os
import sys
import ftplib

class myFtp:
    ftp = ftplib.FTP()
    bIsDir = False
    path = ""
    def __init__(self, host, port='21'):
        #self.ftp.set_debuglevel(2) #打开调试级别2,显示详细信息 
        #self.ftp.set_pasv(0)      #0主动模式 1 #被动模式
        self.ftp.connect( host, port )
            
    def Login(self, user, passwd):
        self.ftp.login( user, passwd )
        print self.ftp.welcome

    def DownLoadFile(self, LocalFile, RemoteFile):
        file_handler = open( LocalFile, 'wb' )
        self.ftp.retrbinary( "RETR %s" %( RemoteFile ), file_handler.write ) 
        file_handler.close()
        return True
    
    def UpLoadFile(self, LocalFile, RemoteFile):
        if os.path.isfile( LocalFile ) == False:
            return False
        file_handler = open(LocalFile, "rb")
        self.ftp.storbinary('STOR %s'%RemoteFile, file_handler, 4096)
        file_handler.close()
        return True

    def UpLoadFileTree(self, LocalDir, RemoteDir):
        if os.path.isdir(LocalDir) == False:
            return False
        print "LocalDir:", LocalDir
        LocalNames = os.listdir(LocalDir)
        print "list:", LocalNames
        print RemoteDir
        self.ftp.cwd( RemoteDir )
        for Local in LocalNames:
            src = os.path.join( LocalDir, Local)
            if os.path.isdir( src ): self.UpLoadFileTree( src, Local )
            else:
                self.UpLoadFile( src, Local )
                
        self.ftp.cwd( ".." )
        return
    
    def DownLoadFileTree(self, LocalDir, RemoteDir):
        print "remoteDir:", RemoteDir
        if os.path.isdir( LocalDir ) == False:
            os.makedirs( LocalDir )
        self.ftp.cwd( RemoteDir )
        RemoteNames = self.ftp.nlst()  
        print "RemoteNames", RemoteNames
        print self.ftp.nlst("/del1")
        for file in RemoteNames:
            Local = os.path.join( LocalDir, file )
            if self.isDir( file ):
                self.DownLoadFileTree( Local, file )                
            else:
                self.DownLoadFile( Local, file )
        self.ftp.cwd( ".." )
        return
    
    def show(self, list):
        result = list.lower().split( " " )
        if self.path in result and "<dir>" in result:
            self.bIsDir = True
     
    def isDir(self, path):
        self.bIsDir = False
        self.path = path
        #this ues callback function ,that will change bIsDir value
        self.ftp.retrlines( 'LIST', self.show )
        return self.bIsDir
    
    def close(self):
        self.ftp.quit()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    ftp = myFtp('*****')
    ftp.Login('***','***')

    ftp.DownLoadFileTree('del', '/del1')#ok
    ftp.UpLoadFileTree('del', "/del1" )
    ftp.close()
    print "ok!"

 

例3:异常处理

 

#coding: utf-8
#from ftplib import FTP
import ftplib
import socket
import os

def ftpconnect(ftp_info):
    try:
        ftp = ftplib.FTP(ftp_info[0])
    except (socket.error, socket.gaierror):
        print "ERROR: cannot reach %s" % ftp_info[0]
        return None

    username = ftp_info[1]
    passwd = ftp_info[2]
    try:
        ftp.login(username, passwd)
    except ftplib.error_perm:
        print "ERROR: cannot login anonymously"
        ftp.quit()
        return None
    return ftp

if __name__ == "__main__":
    info_list = ["10.19.3.199", "fastupdate_amap", "@utonavi&A.map"]
    ftp = ftpconnect(info_list)
    if not ftp:
        exit(1)
    bufsize = 1024
    fname = "20150416113942674.tar.gz"
    fp = open(os.path.join(".", fname), 'wb')
    remotefile = os.path.join("/ADF++", fname)
    ftp.retrbinary("RETR " + remotefile, fp.write, bufsize)

    #是否有目录,没有就创建;有的话看是否有权限创建
    a = ftp.dir()
    try:
        ftp.cwd("jimi")
    except ftplib.error_perm:
        try:
            ftp.mkd("jimi")
        except ftplib.error_perm:
            print "WARNING: U have no authority to make dir"
    finally:
        ftp.quit()

 

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FTP Library Routines Release 4.0 Thomas Pfau (tfpfau@gmail.com) June 7, 2013 This package implements a callable interface to FTP. The FTP protocol is specified in RFC 959. The library has been tested on linux, OpenVMS and Windows NT. It should also work without major modification on other POSIX systems. All programs using the library should include ftplib.h. FTP开源库。 Miscellaneous Functions FtpInit() - Initialize the library FtpSite() - Send a 'SITE' command FtpLastResponse() - Retrieve last server response FtpSysType() - Determine remote system type FtpSize() - Determine size of remote file FtpSizeLong() - Determine size of remote file FtpModDate() - Determine modification time of file FtpSetCallback() - Establish a callback function FtpClearCallback() - Remove a callback function Server Connection FtpConnect() - Connect to a remote server FtpLogin() - Login to remote machine FtpQuit() - Disconnect from remote server FtpOptions() - Set Connection Options Directory Functions FtpChdir() - Change working directory FtpMkdir() - Create a directory FtpRmdir() - Remove a directory FtpDir() - List a remote directory FtpNlst() - List a remote directory FtpCDUp() - Change to parent directory FtpPwd() - Determine current working directory File to File Transfer FtpGet() - Retreive a remote file FtpPut() - Send a local file to remote FtpDelete() - Delete a remote file FtpRename() - Rename a remote file File to Program Transfer These routines allow programs access to the data streams connected to remote files and directories. FtpAccess() - Open a remote file or directory FtpRead() - Read from remote file or directory FtpWrite() - Write to remote file FtpClose() - Close data connection Utilities qftp - Command line ftp utility

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