使用 xmllint + schema 校验 xml 文档

使用 xmllint + schema 校验 xml 文档

lyanry posted @ 2007年8月07日 20:42 in 文档标记语言 with tags XML xmllint schema ,

 

XML 校验工具的作用就是检查我们写的 XML 源文件是否符合所声明要遵循的规范，xmllint 就是一款很实用的 XML 校验器，下面通过一个例子，演示一下 xmllint 如何结合 schema 对xml 文档进行校验。本文未涉及 schema 的语法介绍。

首先建立一份 xml 文档，命名为 po.xml，其内容如下：

<?xml version ="1.0" ?>
<purchaseOrder orderDate ="1999-10-20" >
    <shipTo country ="US" >
        <name> Alice Smith </name>
        <street> 123 Maple Street </street>
        <city> Mill Valley </city>
        <state> CA </state>
        <zip> 90952 </zip>
    </shipTo>
    <billTo country ="US" >
        <name> Robert Smith </name>
        <street> 8 Oak Avenue </street>
        <city> Old Town </city>
        <state> PA </state>
        <zip> 95819 </zip>
    </billTo>
    <comment> Hurry, my lawn is going wild! </comment>
    <items>
        <item partNum ="872-AA" >
            <productName> Lawnmower </productName>
            <quantity> 1 </quantity>
            <USPrice> 148.95 </USPrice>
            <comment> Confirm this is electric </comment>
        </item>
        <item partNum ="926-AA" >
            <productName> Baby Monitor </productName>
            <quantity> 1 </quantity>
            <USPrice> 39.98 </USPrice>
            <shipDate> 1999-05-21 </shipDate>
        </item>
    </items>
</purchaseOrder>

然后为 po.xml 写的 schema 文件，取名为 po.xsd，内容如下：

<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" >
  <xsd:annotation>
  <xsd:documentation xml:lang ="en" >
   Purchase order schema for Example.com.
   Copyright 2000 Example.com. All rights reserved.
  </xsd:documentation>
  </xsd:annotation>
  <xsd:element name ="purchaseOrder" type ="PurchaseOrderType" />
  <xsd:element name ="comment" type ="xsd:string" />
  <xsd:complexType name ="PurchaseOrderType" >
  <xsd:sequence>
    <xsd:element name ="shipTo" type ="USAddress" />
    <xsd:element name ="billTo" type ="USAddress" />
    <xsd:element ref ="comment" minOccurs ="0" />
    <xsd:element name ="items"   type ="Items" />
  </xsd:sequence>
  <xsd:attribute name ="orderDate" type ="xsd:date" />
  </xsd:complexType>
  <xsd:complexType name ="USAddress" >
  <xsd:sequence>
    <xsd:element name ="name"    type ="xsd:string" />
    <xsd:element name ="street" type ="xsd:string" />
    <xsd:element name ="city"    type ="xsd:string" />
    <xsd:element name ="state"   type ="xsd:string" />
    <xsd:element name ="zip"     type ="xsd:decimal" />
  </xsd:sequence>
  <xsd:attribute name ="country" type ="xsd:NMTOKEN"
     fixed ="US" />
  </xsd:complexType>
  <xsd:complexType name ="Items" >
  <xsd:sequence>
    <xsd:element name ="item" minOccurs ="0" maxOccurs ="unbounded" >
    <xsd:complexType>
      <xsd:sequence>
      <xsd:element name ="productName" type ="xsd:string" />
      <xsd:element name ="quantity" >
        <xsd:simpleType>
        <xsd:restriction base ="xsd:positiveInteger" >
          <xsd:maxExclusive value ="100" />
        </xsd:restriction>
        </xsd:simpleType>
      </xsd:element>
      <xsd:element name ="USPrice"   type ="xsd:decimal" />
      <xsd:element ref ="comment"    minOccurs ="0" />
      <xsd:element name ="shipDate" type ="xsd:date" minOccurs ="0" />
      </xsd:sequence>
      <xsd:attribute name ="partNum" type ="SKU" use ="required" />
    </xsd:complexType>
    </xsd:element>
  </xsd:sequence>
  </xsd:complexType>
  <!-- Stock Keeping Unit, a code for identifying products -->
  <xsd:simpleType name ="SKU" >
  <xsd:restriction base ="xsd:string" >
    <xsd:pattern value ="\d{3}-[A-Z]{2}" />
  </xsd:restriction>
  </xsd:simpleType>
</xsd:schema>

使用 xmllint 对 po.xml 文件进行校验：

$ xmllint   -schema po.xsd po.xml

如果无出错信息，就说明校验通过了。

 

 

 

校验1个xml是否格式正确，可用如下命令：

$xmllint example.xml