Python的exec函数允许动态执行Python代码或代码对象。它接受字符串或代码对象作为参数，可指定全局和局部变量。若未提供局部变量，则使用全局变量。如果全局字典没有__builtins__，则会添加内置模块的字典。注意，exec中的return和yield语句只能在函数定义内部使用。文章还提到了相关函数如compile()和eval()。
Manual
This function supports dynamic execution of Python code. object must be either a string or a code object. If it is a string, the string is parsed as a suite of Python statements which is then executed (unless a syntax error occurs). If it is a code object, it is simply executed. In all cases, the code that’s executed is expected to be valid as file input (see the section “File input” in the Reference Manual). Be aware that the return and yield statements may not be used outside of function definitions even within the context of code passed to the exec() function. The return value is None.
In all cases, if the optional parts are omitted, the code is executed in the current scope. If only globals is provided, it must be a dictionary, which will be used for both the global and the local variables. If globals and locals are given, they are used for the global and local variables, respectively. If provided, locals can be any mappin
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