4. webpack 生产环境的基本配置

第 4 章：webpack 生产环境的基本配置

开发环境： 源代码  ->  webpack+自动化  -> bundle
开发环境中：比如
1. css -> loader -> js ； css经过loader加载会加入到js代码中；会使js代码体积变大；由于先加载js后再插入style标签，会存在闪现现象；
....
生产环境中：	以下操作放在开发环境的话会拖慢开发环境的构建速度，即打包速度较慢，影响开发效率；		 

4.1 提取 css 成单独文件

1. 创建文件

2. 下载插件

npm install --save-dev mini-css-extract-plugin

3. 修改配置文件webpack.config.js

const { resolve } = require('path');
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');
const MiniCssExtractPlugin = require('mini-css-extract-plugin');

module.exports = {
  entry: './src/js/index.js',
  output: {
    filename: 'js/built.js',
    path: resolve(__dirname, 'build')
  },
  module: {
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.css$/,
        use: [
          // 创建style标签，将样式放入
          // 'style-loader', 
          // 这个loader取代style-loader。作用：提取js中的css成单独文件
          MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader,
          // 将css文件整合到js文件中
          'css-loader'
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  plugins: [
  	// 打包html文件
    new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
      template: './src/index.html'
    }),
    new MiniCssExtractPlugin({
      // 对输出的css文件进行重命名
      filename: 'css/built.css'
    })
  ],
  mode: 'development'
};

4 .运行指令: webpack

	build文件夹下自动生成css/built.css，整合了a.css和b.css
	html中自动添加<link href="css/built.css" rel="stylesheet"></head>

4.2 css 兼容性处理

1. 创建文件

2. 下载插件

npm install --save-dev postcss-loader postcss-preset-env

3. 修改配置文件webpack.config.js

const { resolve } = require('path');
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');
const MiniCssExtractPlugin = require('mini-css-extract-plugin');

// 设置nodejs环境变量
// process.env.NODE_ENV = 'development';    // 注释掉则postcss默认是生产环境

module.exports = {
  entry: './src/js/index.js',
  output: {
    filename: 'js/built.js',
    path: resolve(__dirname, 'build')
  },
  module: {
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.css$/,
        use: [
          MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader,
          'css-loader',
          /*
            css兼容性处理：postcss --> postcss-loader postcss-preset-env

            帮postcss找到package.json中browserslist里面的配置，通过配置加载指定的css兼容性样式

            "browserslist": {
              // 开发环境 --> 设置node环境变量：process.env.NODE_ENV = development
              "development": [
                "last 1 chrome version",
                "last 1 firefox version",
                "last 1 safari version"
              ],
              // 生产环境：默认是看生产环境   （与下面的mode: 'development'无关）
              "production": [
                ">0.2%",
                "not dead",
                "not op_mini all"
              ]
            }
          */
          // 使用loader的默认配置
          // 'postcss-loader',
          // 修改loader的配置
          {
            loader: 'postcss-loader',
            options: {
              ident: 'postcss',
              plugins: () => [
                // postcss的插件
                require('postcss-preset-env')()
              ]
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  plugins: [
    new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
      template: './src/index.html'
    }),
    new MiniCssExtractPlugin({
      filename: 'css/built.css'
    })
  ],
  mode: 'development'
};

4 .运行指令: webpack

4.3 压缩 css

1. 创建文件同上

2. 下载插件

npm install --save-dev optimize-css-assets-webpack-plugin

3. 修改配置文件webpack.config.js

const { resolve } = require('path');
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');
const MiniCssExtractPlugin = require('mini-css-extract-plugin');
const OptimizeCssAssetsWebpackPlugin = require('optimize-css-assets-webpack-plugin')

// 设置nodejs环境变量
// process.env.NODE_ENV = 'development';

module.exports = {
  entry: './src/js/index.js',
  output: {
    filename: 'js/built.js',
    path: resolve(__dirname, 'build')
  },
  module: {
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.css$/,
        use: [
          MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader,
          'css-loader',
          {
            loader: 'postcss-loader',
            options: {
              ident: 'postcss',
              plugins: () => [
                // postcss的插件
                require('postcss-preset-env')()
              ]
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  plugins: [
    new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
      template: './src/index.html'
    }),
    new MiniCssExtractPlugin({
      filename: 'css/built.css'
    }),
    // 压缩css   使用默认即可
    new OptimizeCssAssetsWebpackPlugin()
  ],
  mode: 'development'
};

4 .运行指令: webpack

4.4 js 语法检查

目的：规范团队的语法风格、检查常见语法错误；

1. 创建文件

index.js

function add(x, y) {
  return x + y;
}

// 下一行eslint所有规则都失效（下一行不进行eslint检查）
// eslint-disable-next-line
console.log(add(2, 5));

2. 下载插件

npm install --save-dev eslint-loader eslint eslint-config-airbnb-base eslint-plugin-import
// eslint-loader 依赖 eslint库
// airbnb 推荐的代码风格运用到eslint ; eslint  eslint-config-airbnb-base eslint-plugin-import

3. 修改配置文件webpack.config.js

const { resolve } = require('path');
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');

module.exports = {
  entry: './src/js/index.js',
  output: {
    filename: 'js/built.js',
    path: resolve(__dirname, 'build')
  },
  module: {
    rules: [
      /*
        语法检查： eslint-loader  eslint
          注意：只检查自己写的源代码，第三方的库是不用检查的
          设置检查规则：
            package.json中eslintConfig中设置~
              "eslintConfig": {
                "extends": "airbnb-base"    // eslint 继承 airbnb-base库的语法规则检查; //官网中是添加 "extends": "airbnb-base"到.eslintrc
              }
            airbnb --> eslint-config-airbnb-base  eslint-plugin-import eslint
      */
      {
        test: /\.js$/,
        exclude: /node_modules/,   // 排查对 node_modules 的检查
        loader: 'eslint-loader',
        options: {
          // 自动修复eslint的错误
          fix: true
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  plugins: [
    new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
      template: './src/index.html'
    })
  ],
  mode: 'development'
};

4 .运行指令: webpack

错误代码风格演示：取消掉fix属性设置

4.5 js 兼容性处理

1. 创建文件

	如果不进行兼容性处理，webpack打包后的输出js文件中将依然存在ES6的语法，经过兼容性处理后转换为ES6以下的代码
	如IE之前是不支持ES6以上的语法；在IE运行将报错
	index.js 

// import '@babel/polyfill';   不推进全部引入

const add = (x, y) => {
  return x + y;
};
console.log(add(2, 5));

const promise = new Promise(resolve => {
  setTimeout(() => {
    console.log('定时器执行完了~');
    resolve();
  }, 1000);
});

console.log(promise);

2. 下载安装包

npm install --save-dev babel-loader @babel/core @babel/preset-env @babel/polyfill core-js

3. 修改配置文件webpack.config.js

const { resolve } = require('path');
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');

module.exports = {
  entry: './src/js/index.js',
  output: {
    filename: 'js/built.js',
    path: resolve(__dirname, 'build')
  },
  module: {
    rules: [
      /*
        js兼容性处理：babel-loader @babel/core 
          1. 基本js兼容性处理 --> @babel/preset-env
            问题：只能转换基本语法，如promise高级语法不能转换
          2. 全部js兼容性处理 --> @babel/polyfill    不推荐
            问题：我只要解决部分兼容性问题，但是将所有兼容性代码全部引入，体积太大了~
          3. 需要做兼容性处理的就做：按需加载  --> core-js
      */  
      {
        test: /\.js$/,
        exclude: /node_modules/,
        loader: 'babel-loader',
        options: {
          // 预设：指示babel做怎么样的兼容性处理
          presets: [
            [
              '@babel/preset-env',
              {
                // 按需加载
                useBuiltIns: 'usage',
                // 指定core-js版本
                corejs: {
                  version: 3
              },
              // 指定兼容性做到哪个版本浏览器
              targets: {
                chrome: '60',
                firefox: '60',
                ie: '9',
                safari: '10',
                edge: '17'
              }
              }
            ]
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  plugins: [
    new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
      template: './src/index.html'
    })
  ],
  mode: 'development'
};

4 .运行指令: webpack

4.6 js 压缩

3. 修改配置文件webpack.config.js

 mode: 'production'    //即可

const { resolve } = require('path');
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');

module.exports = {
  entry: './src/js/index.js',
  output: {
    filename: 'js/built.js',
    path: resolve(__dirname, 'build')
  },
  plugins: [
    new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
      template: './src/index.html'
    })
  ],
  // 生产环境下会自动压缩js代码
  mode: 'production'
};

4.7 HTML 压缩

无需做兼容性处理，只压缩

修改配置文件webpack.config.js

const { resolve } = require('path');
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');

module.exports = {
  entry: './src/js/index.js',
  output: {
    filename: 'js/built.js',
    path: resolve(__dirname, 'build')
  },
  plugins: [
    new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
      template: './src/index.html',
      // 压缩html代码
      minify: {
        // 移除空格
        collapseWhitespace: true,
        // 移除注释
        removeComments: true
      }
    })
  ],
  mode: 'production'
};

4.8 生产环境配置

修改配置文件webpack.config.js

const { resolve } = require('path');
const MiniCssExtractPlugin = require('mini-css-extract-plugin');
const OptimizeCssAssetsWebpackPlugin = require('optimize-css-assets-webpack-plugin');
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');

// 定义nodejs环境变量：决定使用browserslist的哪个环境
process.env.NODE_ENV = 'production';

// 复用loader
const commonCssLoader = [
  MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader,
  'css-loader',
  {
    // 还需要在package.json中定义browserslist
    loader: 'postcss-loader',
    options: {
      ident: 'postcss',
      plugins: () => [require('postcss-preset-env')()]
    }
  }
];

module.exports = {
  entry: './src/js/index.js',
  output: {
    filename: 'js/built.js',
    path: resolve(__dirname, 'build')
  },
  module: {
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.css$/,
        use: [...commonCssLoader]
      },
      {
        test: /\.less$/,
        use: [...commonCssLoader, 'less-loader']
      },
      /*
        正常来讲，一个文件只能被一个loader处理。
        当一个文件要被多个loader处理，那么一定要指定loader执行的先后顺序：
          先执行eslint 在执行babel；
           enforce: 'pre'  确保先进行语法检查，再进行兼容性处理，最后mode: 'production'自动压缩
      */
      {
        // 在package.json中eslintConfig --> airbnb
        test: /\.js$/,
        exclude: /node_modules/,
        // 优先执行
        enforce: 'pre',
        loader: 'eslint-loader',
        options: {
          fix: true
        }
      },
      {
        test: /\.js$/,
        exclude: /node_modules/,
        loader: 'babel-loader',
        options: {
          presets: [
            [
              '@babel/preset-env',
              {
                useBuiltIns: 'usage',
                corejs: {version: 3},
                targets: {
                  chrome: '60',
                  firefox: '50'
                }
              }
            ]
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        test: /\.(jpg|png|gif)/,
        loader: 'url-loader',
        options: {
          limit: 8 * 1024,
          name: '[hash:10].[ext]',
          outputPath: 'imgs',
          esModule: false
        }
      },
      {
        test: /\.html$/,
        loader: 'html-loader'    // 处理html中的图片，使用模块化的是commonJS，所以需要esModule: false  关掉es的模块化
      },
      {
        exclude: /\.(js|css|less|html|jpg|png|gif)/,
        loader: 'file-loader',
        options: {
          outputPath: 'media'
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  plugins: [
    new MiniCssExtractPlugin({
      filename: 'css/built.css'
    }),
    new OptimizeCssAssetsWebpackPlugin(),
    new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
      template: './src/index.html',
      minify: {
        collapseWhitespace: true,
        removeComments: true
      }
    })
  ],
  mode: 'production'
};

package.json

{
  "name": "webpack_code",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "",
  "main": "index.js",
  "scripts": {
    "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
  },
  "author": "",
  "license": "ISC",
  "devDependencies": {
    "@babel/core": "^7.8.4",
    "@babel/polyfill": "^7.8.3",
    "@babel/preset-env": "^7.8.4",
    "add-asset-html-webpack-plugin": "^3.1.3",
    "babel": "^6.23.0",
    "babel-loader": "^8.0.6",
    "core-js": "^3.6.4",
    "css-loader": "^3.4.2",
    "eslint": "^6.8.0",
    "eslint-config-airbnb-base": "^14.0.0",
    "eslint-loader": "^3.0.3",
    "eslint-plugin-import": "^2.20.1",
    "file-loader": "^5.0.2",
    "html-loader": "^0.5.5",
    "html-webpack-plugin": "^3.2.0",
    "less": "^3.11.1",
    "less-loader": "^5.0.0",
    "mini-css-extract-plugin": "^0.9.0",
    "optimize-css-assets-webpack-plugin": "^5.0.3",
    "postcss-loader": "^3.0.0",
    "postcss-preset-env": "^6.7.0",
    "style-loader": "^1.1.3",
    "terser-webpack-plugin": "^2.3.5",
    "thread-loader": "^2.1.3",
    "url-loader": "^3.0.0",
    "webpack": "^4.41.6",
    "webpack-cli": "^3.3.11",
    "webpack-dev-server": "^3.10.3",
    "workbox-webpack-plugin": "^5.0.0"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "jquery": "^3.4.1"
  },
    "browserslist": {
      "development": [
        "last 1 chrome version",
        "last 1 firefox version",
        "last 1 safari version"
      ],
      "production": [
        ">0.2%",
        "not dead",
        "not op_mini all"
      ]
  },
  "eslintConfig": {
    "extends": "airbnb-base",
    "env": {
      "browser": true
    }
  },
  "sideEffects": [
    "*.css"
  ]
}