R语言常见数据结构特性和操作笔记

vector

返回 index

使用 which 或者 match, 如果有重复数据, match 返回第一个匹配的 index.

x <- sample(1:10,10,replace=TRUE)
> x
 [1]  7  5  1 10  7  8  1  4 10  3
> which(c(7,8)==x)
[1] 1 5 6
> match(c(7,8),x)
[1] 1 6
> 

list

追加

f <- list()
d <- c(1,2)
e <- c(3,4)
f <- list(d, e)
g <- c(7,8)	
f <- c(list(g), f)	# 追加到前面
h <- c(9, 0)
f <- c(f, list(h))	# 追加到后面

data.frame

追加

# 按列追加
f <- data.frame()
d <- c(1,2)
e <- c(3,4)
f <- data.frame(d, e)
g <- c(7,8)	
f <- data.frame(g, f)	# 追加到前面
h <- c(9, 0)
f <- data.frame(f, h)	# 追加到后面

求最大值

max(f) # 如果全是 numeric 值, 可以用 max() 求最大值

matrix

防止一维 matrix 变成 vector

> a<-matrix(0,nrow=3,ncol=3,byrow=TRUE,
     dimnames=list(c("row1","row2","row3"),
     c("col1","col2","col3"))
> at[1,, drop=FALSE]
     col1 col2 col3
row1    0    0    0
> is.matrix(at[1,, drop=FALSE])
[1] TRUE

reverse matrix 列

> a<-matrix(0,nrow=3,ncol=3,byrow=TRUE,
     dimnames=list(c("row1","row2","row3"),
     c("col1","col2","col3"))
> at[,ncol(at):1]
     col3 col2 col1
row1    0    0    0
row2    0    0    0
row3    0    0    0

扩展的 matrix, Matrix Package

批量替换 Matrix 中的元素

给定 Matrix:

> library('Matrix')
> a <- Matrix(c(1,1,2, 1,1,2, 1,1,2, 1,1,2, 1,1,2), nrow = 5)
> a
5 x 3 Matrix of class "dgeMatrix"
     [,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,]    1    2    1
[2,]    1    1    2
[3,]    2    1    1
[4,]    1    2    1
[5,]    1    1    2
> is.matrix(a)
[1] FALSE

定义一个基本 matrix

> f <- matrix(c(1:2,1:2), ncol=2)
> f
     [,1] [,2]
[1,]    1    1
[2,]    2    2

将基本 matrix 元素中的值为索引下标指示 Matrix 中的元素位置，并替换为所需要的值.
如本例则替换 Matrix 中 $a_{11}$, $a_{22}$ 中的值.

> a[f] = 3
> a
5 x 3 Matrix of class "dgeMatrix"
     [,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,]    3    2    1
[2,]    1    3    2
[3,]    2    1    1
[4,]    1    2    1
[5,]    1    1    2

[1]. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/Matrix/vignettes/Intro2Matrix.pdf
[2]. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/Matrix/

操作矩阵中的方阵

给定矩阵 $m\times n$, 其方阵部分维度为 ⌊ m × n ⌋ = min ⁡ { m , n } \lfloor \sqrt{m\times n}\rfloor = \min \{ m, n \} ⌊m×n ​⌋=min{m,n}.
例如: $5\times 3$, ⌊ 5 × 3 ⌋ = ⌊ 3.872983 ⌋ = 3 = min ⁡ { 5 , 3 } \lfloor \sqrt{5\times 3} \rfloor = \lfloor 3.872983 \rfloor = 3 = \min \{5, 3\} ⌊5×3 ​⌋=⌊3.872983⌋=3=min{5,3}

> library('Matrix')
> a <- Matrix(c(1,1,2, 1,1,2, 1,1,2, 1,1,2, 1,1,2), nrow = 5)
> a
5 x 3 Matrix of class "dgeMatrix"
     [,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,]    1    2    1
[2,]    1    1    2
[3,]    2    1    1
[4,]    1    2    1
[5,]    1    1    2
> length(a)
[1] 15
> n <- sqrt(length(a))
> n
[1] 3.872983
> f<-matrix(c(1:n,1:n),ncol=2)
> f
     [,1] [,2]
[1,]    1    1
[2,]    2    2
[3,]    3    3
> a[f] = 6
> a
5 x 3 Matrix of class "dgeMatrix"
     [,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,]    6    2    1
[2,]    1    6    2
[3,]    2    1    6
[4,]    1    2    1
[5,]    1    1    2

删除指定列

Matrix::Matrix 与 base::matrix 操作方法相同

> a <- Matrix::Matrix(c(1,1,2, 1,1,2, 1,1,2, 1,1,2, 1,1,2), nrow = 5)
> a
5 x 3 Matrix of class "dgeMatrix"
     [,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,]    1    2    1
[2,]    1    1    2
[3,]    2    1    1
[4,]    1    2    1
[5,]    1    1    2
> a2 <- a[,-2] # delete the second column
> a2
5 x 2 Matrix of class "dgeMatrix"
     [,1] [,2]
[1,]    1    1
[2,]    1    2
[3,]    2    1
[4,]    1    1
[5,]    1    2
> a13<- a[,-c(1,3),drop=FALSE] # delete the first and third column
> a13
5 x 1 Matrix of class "dgeMatrix"
     [,1]
[1,]    2
[2,]    1
[3,]    1
[4,]    2
[5,]    1

删除指定行

使用 base::setdiff 得出要保留的行. Matrix::Matrix 与 base::matrix 操作方法相同.

> a03 <- a[base::setdiff(1:base::dim(a)[1], 3),] # remove the third row
> a03
4 x 3 Matrix of class "dgeMatrix"
     [,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,]    1    2    1
[2,]    1    1    2
[3,]    1    2    1
[4,]    1    1    2