设计模式之访问者

一、作用

        提供一个作用于某对象结构中的各元素的操作表示，它使我们可以在不改变各元素的类的前提下定义作用于这些元素的新操作。访问者模式是一种对象行为型模式。

二、与中介者区别

       中介者是各种对象的组织者，拥有很多对象的实例，而访问者则是提供访问某对象的接口，但没有对象的实例。

三、例子

       

//转刘伟博客
import java.util.*;

//员工类：抽象元素类
interface Employee
{
  public void accept(Department handler); //接受一个抽象访问者访问
}

//全职员工类：具体元素类
class FulltimeEmployee implements Employee
{
  private String name;
  private double weeklyWage;
  private int workTime;

  public FulltimeEmployee(String name,double weeklyWage,int workTime)
  {
    this.name = name;
    this.weeklyWage = weeklyWage;
    this.workTime = workTime;
  }	

  public void setName(String name) 
  {
    this.name = name; 
  }

  public void setWeeklyWage(double weeklyWage) 
  {
    this.weeklyWage = weeklyWage; 
  }

  public void setWorkTime(int workTime) 
  {
    this.workTime = workTime; 
  }

  public String getName() 
  {
    return (this.name); 
  }

  public double getWeeklyWage() 
  {
    return (this.weeklyWage); 
  }

  public int getWorkTime() 
  {
    return (this.workTime); 
  }

  public void accept(Department handler)
  {
    handler.visit(this); //调用访问者的访问方法
  }
}

//兼职员工类：具体元素类
class ParttimeEmployee implements Employee
{
  private String name;
  private double hourWage;
  private int workTime;

  public ParttimeEmployee(String name,double hourWage,int workTime)
  {
    this.name = name;
    this.hourWage = hourWage;
    this.workTime = workTime;
  }	

  public void setName(String name) 
  {
    this.name = name; 
  }

  public void setHourWage(double hourWage) 
  {
    this.hourWage = hourWage; 
  }

  public void setWorkTime(int workTime) 
  {
    this.workTime = workTime; 
  }

  public String getName() 
  {
    return (this.name); 
  }

  public double getHourWage() 
  {
    return (this.hourWage); 
  }

  public int getWorkTime() 
  {
    return (this.workTime); 
  }

  public void accept(Department handler)
  {
    handler.visit(this); //调用访问者的访问方法
  }
}

//部门类：抽象访问者类
abstract class Department
{
  //声明一组重载的访问方法，用于访问不同类型的具体元素
  public abstract void visit(FulltimeEmployee employee);
  public abstract void visit(ParttimeEmployee employee);	
}

//财务部类：具体访问者类
class FADepartment extends Department
{
  //实现财务部对全职员工的访问
  public void visit(FulltimeEmployee employee)
  {
    int workTime = employee.getWorkTime();
    double weekWage = employee.getWeeklyWage();
    if(workTime > 40)
    {
      weekWage = weekWage + (workTime - 40) * 100;
    }
    else if(workTime < 40)
    {
      weekWage = weekWage - (40 - workTime) * 80;
      if(weekWage < 0)
      {
        weekWage = 0;
      }
    }
    System.out.println("正式员工" + employee.getName() + "实际工资为：" + weekWage + "元。");			
  }

  //实现财务部对兼职员工的访问
  public void visit(ParttimeEmployee employee)
  {
    int workTime = employee.getWorkTime();
    double hourWage = employee.getHourWage();
    System.out.println("临时工" + employee.getName() + "实际工资为：" + workTime * hourWage + "元。");		
  }		
}

//人力资源部类：具体访问者类
class HRDepartment extends Department
{
  //实现人力资源部对全职员工的访问
  public void visit(FulltimeEmployee employee)
  {
    int workTime = employee.getWorkTime();
    System.out.println("正式员工" + employee.getName() + "实际工作时间为：" + workTime + "小时。");
    if(workTime > 40)
    {
      System.out.println("正式员工" + employee.getName() + "加班时间为：" + (workTime - 40) + "小时。");
    }
    else if(workTime < 40)
    {
      System.out.println("正式员工" + employee.getName() + "请假时间为：" + (40 - workTime) + "小时。");
    }						
  }

  //实现人力资源部对兼职员工的访问
  public void visit(ParttimeEmployee employee)
  {
    int workTime = employee.getWorkTime();
    System.out.println("临时工" + employee.getName() + "实际工作时间为：" + workTime + "小时。");
  }		
}

//员工列表类：对象结构
class EmployeeList
{
  //定义一个集合用于存储员工对象
  private ArrayList
   
   
    
     list = new ArrayList
    
    
     
     ();

  public void addEmployee(Employee employee)
  {
    list.add(employee);
  }

  //遍历访问员工集合中的每一个员工对象
  public void accept(Department handler)
  {
    for(Object obj : list)
    {
      ((Employee)obj).accept(handler);
    }
  }
}