开发环境:
Java SDK (I am currently using version 1.4.1)
Ant (using version 1.5.3)
Apache Tomcat (using version 4.1.24)
您可以用功能相同的任何容器或者java运行环境
第1步:开发路径
为了保留我们的开发中每一步的流程,我们将保存所有的源码和文件。
首先,我们创建一个springapp的目录(你可以将这个目录建在任何地方),然后,在springapp目录下创建子目录src,用来保存java资源文件。然后我们建立另一个子目录war,这个目录将保存生成的war文件。
建立WEB-INF子目录,和它的classes,lib子目录。
OK,你的目录应该这个样子:
代码:
-spirngapp
-WEB-INF
-classes
-lib
-src
-war
第2步:创建jsp
我们创建一个jsp文件-index.jsp在springapp目录下,这将是我们应用程序的入口.
代码:
springapp/index.jsp
<html>
<head><title>Example :: Spring Application</title></head>
<body>
<h1>Example - Spring Application</h1>
<p>This is my test.</p>
</body>
</html>
现在,我们来完成这个web应用,在WEB-INF下建立web.xml文件
代码:
springapp/WEB-INF/web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC '-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN' 'http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd'>
<web-app>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>
index.jsp
</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
第3步:部署这个应用到Tomcat
现在我们来写Ant脚本文件,用于建立,部署,控制这个应用.
代码:
springapp/build.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="gb2312"?>
<project name="springapp" basedir="." default="usage">
<property file="build.properties"/>
<property name="src.dir" value="src"/>
<property name="web.dir" value="war"/>
<property name="build.dir" value="${web.dir}/WEB-INF/classes"/>
<property name="name" value="springapp"/>
<path id="master-classpath">
<fileset dir="${web.dir}/WEB-INF/lib">
<include name="*.jar"/>
</fileset>
<fileset dir="${tomcat.home}/common/lib">
<include name="servlet.jar"/>
</fileset>
</path>
<target name="usage">
<echo message=""/>
<echo message="${name} build file"/>
<echo message="-----------------------------------"/>
<echo message=""/>
<echo message="Available targets are:"/>
<echo message=""/>
<echo message="build --> 建立应用"/>
<echo message="deploy --> 部署应用"/>
<echo message="deploywar --> 部署war文件"/>
<echo message="install --> 安装应用"/>
<echo message="reload --> 重载应用"/>
<echo message="start --> 启动Tomcat application"/>
<echo message="stop --> 停止 Tomcat application"/>
<echo message="list --> 列表 Tomcat applications"/>
<echo message=""/>
</target>
<!-- =========================================================== -->
<!-- spring tasks by yanger 2003-11 -->
<!-- =========================================================== -->
<target name="build" description="Compile main source tree java files">
<mkdir dir="${build.dir}"/>
<javac destdir="${build.dir}" target="1.3" debug="true"
deprecation="false" optimize="false" failοnerrοr="true">
<src path="${src.dir}"/>
<classpath refid="master-classpath"/>
</javac>
</target>
<target name="deploy" depends="build" description="Deploy application">
<copy todir="${tomcat.home}/webapps/${name}" preservelastmodified="true">
<fileset dir="${web.dir}">
<include name="**/*.*"/>
</fileset>
</copy>
</target>
<target name="deploywar" depends="build" description="Deploy application as a WAR file">
<war destfile="${name}.war"
webxml="${web.dir}/WEB-INF/web.xml">
<fileset dir="${web.dir}">
<include name="**/*.*"/>
</fileset>
</war>
<copy todir="${deploy.path}" preservelastmodified="true">
<fileset dir=".">
<include name="*.war"/>
</fileset>
</copy>
</target>
<!-- ============================================================ -->
<!-- Tomcat tasks - remove these if you don't have Tomcat installed -->
<!-- ============================================================ -->
<taskdef name="install" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.InstallTask">
<classpath>
<path location="${tomcat.home}/server/lib/catalina-ant.jar"/>
</classpath>
</taskdef>
<taskdef name="reload" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.ReloadTask">
<classpath>
<path location="${tomcat.home}/server/lib/catalina-ant.jar"/>
</classpath>
</taskdef>
<taskdef name="list" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.ListTask">
<classpath>
<path location="${tomcat.home}/server/lib/catalina-ant.jar"/>
</classpath>
</taskdef>
<taskdef name="start" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.StartTask">
<classpath>
<path location="${tomcat.home}/server/lib/catalina-ant.jar"/>
</classpath>
</taskdef>
<taskdef name="stop" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.StopTask">
<classpath>
<path location="${tomcat.home}/server/lib/catalina-ant.jar"/>
</classpath>
</taskdef>
<target name="install" description="Install application in Tomcat">
<install url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
username="${tomcat.manager.username}"
password="${tomcat.manager.password}"
path="/${name}"
war="${name}"/>
</target>
<target name="reload" description="Reload application in Tomcat">
<reload url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
username="${tomcat.manager.username}"
password="${tomcat.manager.password}"
path="/${name}"/>
</target>
<target name="start" description="Start Tomcat application">
<start url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
username="${tomcat.manager.username}"
password="${tomcat.manager.password}"
path="/${name}"/>
</target>
<target name="stop" description="Stop Tomcat application">
<stop url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
username="${tomcat.manager.username}"
password="${tomcat.manager.password}"
path="/${name}"/>
</target>
<target name="list" description="List Tomcat applications">
<list url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
username="${tomcat.manager.username}"
password="${tomcat.manager.password}"/>
</target>
<!-- End Tomcat tasks -->
</project>
这个Ant脚本包含了建立应用主要的工具命令,但是,这个脚本要配合build.properties使用.
代码:
springapp/build.properties
# Ant properties for building the springapp
deploy.path=/home/trisberg/jakarta-tomcat-4.1.24/webapps
#deploy.path=c:/Tomcat 4.1/webapps
#deploy.path=c:/bea/user_projects/domains/mydomain/applications
tomcat.home=/home/trisberg/jakarta-tomcat-4.1.24
#tomcat.home= c:/Tomcat 4.1
tomcat.manager.url=http://localhost:8080/manager
tomcat.manager.username=admin
tomcat.manager.password=tomcat
deploy.path 是tomcat的应用目录
tomcat.path 是tomcat的主目录
tomcat.manager.url是管理访问路径,注意你的端口是否正确
tomcat.manager.username,tomcat.manager.password 我就不用说了吧
如果你执行install命令,将在tomcat webapps目录下建立springapp目录。
如果你用其他的web应用服务器,那么你可以删除tomcat指定的命令集,你可以用server提供的热部署进行启动和停止你的应用.
现在我们来看一下ant提供的每个命令,在你的springapp目录下执行ant
代码:
C:/projects/springapp>ant
Buildfile: build.xml
usage:
[echo] springapp build file
[echo] -----------------------------------
[echo] Available targets are:
[echo] build --> 建立应用
[echo] deploy --> 部署应用
[echo] deploywar --> 部署war文件
[echo] install --> 安装应用
[echo] reload --> 重载应用
[echo] start --> 启动 springapp
[echo] stop --> 停止 springapp
[echo] list --> 列表 Tomcat applications
BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 5 seconds
现在,我们来部署应用,执行ant deploy
代码:
Ant deploy
e:/projects/springapp>ant deploy
Buildfile: build.xml
deploy:
[copy] Copying 1 file to C:/Tomcat 4.1/webapps/springapp
BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 1 seconds
第4步:测试应用
先看一下我们是否把应用部署成功
代码:
Ant list
E:/projects/springapp>ant list
Buildfile: build.xml
list:
[list] OK - Listed applications for virtual host localhost
[list] /admin:running:0:../server/webapps/admin
[list] /webdav:running:0:C:/Tomcat 4.1/webapps/webdav
[list] /springapp:running:1:C:/Tomcat 4.1/webapps/springapp
[list] /examples:running:0:examples
[list] /ofproject:running:0:C:/Tomcat 4.1/webapps/ofproject
[list] /tomcat-docs:running:0:C:/Tomcat 4.1/webapps/tomcat-docs
[list] /:running:0:C:/Tomcat 4.1/webapps/ROOT
[list] /manager:running:0:../server/webapps/manager
BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 5 seconds
如果你还没有安装,请执行ant install
代码:
Ant install
E:/projects/springapp>ant install
Buildfile: build.xml
install:
[install] OK - Installed application at context path /springapp
BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 2 seconds
现在,让我们打开浏览器看一下结果http://localhost:8080/springapp/index.jsp
第5步:下载spring framework package
如果你还没有下在spring,请到www.springframework.org/download.html. 寻找最新版本.
下面我们将完成利用spring framework 进行开发MVC 应用程序.
第6步:修改web.xml
进入WEB-INF目录编辑web.xml
代码:
WEB-INF/web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC '-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN' 'http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd'>
<web-app>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springapp</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>
org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springapp</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.htm</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>
index.jsp
</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
在WEB-INF目录下创建一个springapp-servlet.xml文件,它的命名规则是web.xml中的servlet-name 加上'-servlet'后缀,这是在springframework中的标准命名法则.
现在,我们声明一个bean :springappController 他对应的类是SpringappController.class
这个定义用于我们控制业务逻辑。我们还需要定义一个url mapping作为http调用的路径.
代码:
springapp/WEB-INF/springapp-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
<!--
- Application context definition for "springapp" DispatcherServlet.
-->
<beans>
<bean id="springappController" class="SpringappController"/>
<bean id="urlMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
<property name="mappings">
<props>
<prop key="/hello.htm">springappController</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
第7步:添加支持包
从spring的下载文件包中找到,spring.jar (spring-framework-1.0-m1/dist/spring.jar) 拷贝到WEB-INF/lib下面。
拷贝spring-framework-1.0-m1/lib/log4j/log4j-1.2.8.jar 和 spring-framework-1.0-m1/lib/jakarta-commons/commons-logging.jar到WEB-INF/lib下面。
第8步:创建springappController
代码:
springapp/src/SpringappController.java
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public class SpringappController implements Controller {
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
return new ModelAndView("");
}
}
这只是一个基础控制框架,稍候我们完成它.
第9步:建立应用
代码:
Ant build
E:/projects/springapp>ant build
Buildfile: build.xml
build:
[javac] Compiling 1 source file to E:/projects/springapp/WEB-INF/classes
BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 2 seconds
第10步:建立日志系统
spring利用log4j来管理日志,在classes目录下建立log4j.properties
代码:
springapp/war/WEB-INF/classes/log4j.properties
log4j.rootCategory=INFO, stdout, logfile
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - <%m>%n
log4j.appender.logfile=org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.logfile.File=e:/projects/springapp/springapp.log
log4j.appender.logfile.MaxFileSize=512KB
# Keep three backup files
log4j.appender.logfile.MaxBackupIndex=3
log4j.appender.logfile.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
#Pattern to output : date priority [category] - <message>line_separator
log4j.appender.logfile.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - <%m>%n
第11步:部署应用
运行ant deploy
第12步:创建视图
代码:
springapp/war/hello.jsp
<html>
<head><title>Example :: Spring Application</title></head>
<body>
<h1>Hello - Spring Application</h1>
<p>Greetings.</p>
</body>
</html>
下面我们修改SpringappController.java
代码:
springapp/src/SpringappController.java
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
public class SpringappController implements Controller {
/** Logger for this class and subclasses */
protected final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
logger.info("SpringappController - returning hello view");
return new ModelAndView("hello.jsp");
}
}
现在我们运行build, deploy, stop, start 命令.
这样我们就成功地建立了一个mvc应用,访问http://loaclhost:8080/springapp/hello.htm
小结
以上,我们快速地利用spring framework建立了MVC应用程序,
1、建立index.jsp,测试管理工具和开发环境
2、编写springapp-servlet.xml配置文件。
3、编写控制器代码,SpringappController.java结合springapp-servlet中的定义进行工作.
4、编写、展示hello.jsp,完成MVC的应用程序.