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文章目录
一、学生成绩管理系统是什么？
学生信息管理系统能够方便地查询和变更学生的基本数据（例如增删改查），节省大量工作时间，有效地提高学生信息管理的效率。今天要讲的是以下7个模块。
1. 学生信息输入模块。其中包括学生信息的输入和存储，同时考虑学号输入的健壮性，避免输入重复的学号。
2. 学生信息更新模块。提供对学生信息的修改和删除功能，同时也需要进行学号输入的检查，避免出现不合法的学号。
3. 成绩查询模块。可以按照学号或姓名查找学生信息，并输出学生的成绩信息。
4. 成绩统计模块。可以对所有学生的成绩按个人、按专业、按课程和按班级进行升序和降序的统计和排名，并输出成绩排名。
5. 成绩输出模块。可以按照不同的格式输出学生的成绩信息，包括按照学号、姓名、成绩等排序。
6. 系统帮助模块。提供系统使用的帮助信息，包括各个模块的使用方法和注意事项。
7. 退出系统模块。可以在任何时候退出系统。
二、信息管理的七个模块
1.Step one
数据结构设计：
在实现该系统之前，我们需要先设计一下需要用到的数据结构。我们可以定义一个结构体来表示学生的基本信息和成绩信息。
struct Student{
char name[20]; // 学生姓名
int stu_id; // 学生学号
float grade[4]; // 四门课程的成绩
};
为了实现学号的输入和检查，我们需要将学生信息存储在一个链表中，每个节点表示一个学生。
struct Student_List{
struct Student student;
struct Student_List *next;
};
2.Step Two
学生信息输入模块：
我们需要设计一个函数来读入学生信息，将其存储在链表中。
void enter_new_student(struct Student_List *head)
{
struct Student_List *new_student;
struct Student_List *p;
new_student = (struct Student_List *)malloc(sizeof(struct Student_List)); // 为新学生分配内存空间
printf("\n请输入新学生的姓名：");
scanf("%s", new_student->student.name);
printf("请输入学生学号：");
scanf("%d", &new_student->student.stu_id);
p = head->next;
while(p != NULL) // 检查学号是否重复
{
if(p->student.stu_id == new_student->student.stu_id)
{
printf("学号重复，请重新输入：");
scanf("%d", &new_student->student.stu_id);
p = head->next;
}
else{
p = p->next;
}
}
printf("请输入四门功课的成绩：");
for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
scanf("%f", &new_student->student.grade[i]);
}
new_student->next = head->next; // 把新学生插入链表头部
head->next = new_student;
}
3.Step Three
学生信息更新模块
我们需要实现一个函数来更新学生信息。首先，我们需要输入要更新的学生的学号。如果学号存在，则将学生的基本信息和成绩信息读入，然后更新到链表中。
void update_student_info(struct Student_List *head)
{
int id;
printf("\n请输入要更新的学生学号：");
scanf("%d", &id);
struct Student_List *p;
p = head->next;
while(p != NULL) // 查找学号对应的学生
{
if(p->student.stu_id == id)
{
printf("请输入学生姓名：");
scanf("%s", p->student.name);
printf("请输入四门功课的成绩：");
for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
scanf("%f", &p->student.grade[i]);
}
printf("学生信息已更新！\n");
return;
}
else{
p = p->next;
}
}
printf("没有找到该学号对应的学生！\n");
}
4.Step four
成绩查询模块
我们需要设计一个函数，可以按照学号或姓名查找学生信息。如果查到学生信息，则输出其基本信息和成绩信息。
void search_student_info(struct Student_List *head)
{
int choice;
printf("\n请输入查询方式（1为按学号查询，2为按姓名查询）：");
scanf("%d", &choice);
if(choice == 1)
{
int id;
printf("请输入学生学号：");
scanf("%d", &id);
struct Student_List *p;
p = head->next;
while(p != NULL) // 查找学号对应的学生
{
if(p->student.stu_id == id)
{
printf("姓名：%s 学号：%d\n", p->student.name, p->student.stu_id);
printf("语文成绩：%f 数学成绩：%f 英语成绩：%f 物理成绩：%f\n", p->student.grade[0], p->student.grade[1], p->student.grade[2], p->student.grade[3]);
return;
}
else{
p = p->next;
}
}
printf("没有找到该学号对应的学生！\n");
}
else if(choice == 2)
{
char name[20];
printf("请输入学生姓名：");
scanf("%s", name);
struct Student_List *p;
p = head->next;
while(p != NULL) // 查找姓名对应的学生
{
if(strcmp(p->student.name, name) == 0)
{
printf("姓名：%s 学号：%d\n", p->student.name, p->student.stu_id);
printf("语文成绩：%f 数学成绩：%f 英语成绩：%f 物理成绩：%f\n", p->student.grade[0], p->student.grade[1], p->student.grade[2], p->student.grade[3]);
return;
}
else{
p = p->next;
}
}
printf("没有找到该姓名对应的学生！\n");
}
else{
printf("输入有误，请重新输入！\n");
search_student_info(head);
}
}5.Step five
成绩统计模块
我们需要实现一个函数对所有学生的成绩按个人、按专业、按课程和按班级进行升序和降序的统计和排名，并输出成绩排名。
int cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
{
struct Student_List *p1 = *(struct Student_List **)a;
struct Student_List *p2 = *(struct Student_List **)b;
int sum1 = 0, sum2 = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
sum1 += p1->student.grade[i];
sum2 += p2->student.grade[i];
}
float avg1 = (float)sum1 / 4;
float avg2 = (float)sum2 / 4;
if(avg1 < avg2)
return -1;
else if(avg1 == avg2)
return 0;
else
return 1;
}
void rank_students(struct Student_List *head)
{
int choice, by_order;
printf("\n请选择要排序的方式（1为按平均分排序，2为按语文成绩排序，3为按数学成绩排序，4为按英语成绩排序，5为按物理成绩排序）：");
scanf("%d", &choice);
printf("请选择排序方式（1为升序，2为降序）：");
scanf("%d", &by_order);
int count = 1;
struct Student_List *p;
p = head->next;
int nums = 0;
// 统计学生总数
while(p != NULL)
{
nums++;
p = p->next;
}
// 动态分配内存
struct Student_List **list = (struct Student_List **)malloc(nums * sizeof(struct Student_List *));
p = head->next;
for(int i = 0; i < nums; i++)
{
list[i] = p;
p = p->next;
}
// 根据不同的排序方式调用快排函数
switch(choice)
{
case 1:
qsort(list, nums, sizeof(struct Student_List *), cmp);
break;
case 2:
break;
case 3:
break;
case 4:
break;
case 5:
break;
default:
printf("输入有误，请重新输入！\n");
rank_students(head);
}
// 按升序或降序输出结果
if(by_order == 1)
{
printf("名次 姓名 平均分\n");
for(int i = 0; i < nums; i++)
{
printf("%-4d %-6s %4.2f\n", count, list[i]->student.name, average(list[i]));
if(i == nums - 1 || average(list[i]) != average(list[i+1]))
count++;
}
}
else if(by_order == 2)
{
printf("名次 姓名 平均分\n");
for(int i = nums - 1; i >= 0; i--)
{
printf("%-4d %-6s %4.2f\n", count, list[i]->student.name, average(list[i]));
if(i == 0 || average(list[i]) != average(list[i-1]))
count++;
}
}
else{
printf("输入有误，请重新输入！\n");
rank_students(head);
}
// 释放内存
free(list);
}
// 计算学生平均分的函数
float average(struct Student_List *p)
{
int sum = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
sum += p->student.grade[i];
}
return (float)sum / 4;
}
6.Step Six
成绩输出模块
我们需要设计一个函数，可以按照不同的格式输出学生的成绩信息，包括按照学号、姓名、成绩等排序。
void print_students(struct Student_List *head)
{
int choice;
printf("\n请选择要排序的方式（1为按学号排序，2为按姓名排序，3为按平均分排序，4为按语文成绩排序，5为按数学成绩排序，6为按英语成绩排序，7为按物理成绩排序）：");
scanf("%d", &choice);
struct Student_List **list = (struct Student_List **)malloc(nums * sizeof(struct Student_List *));
struct Student_List *p;
p = head->next;
// 构建链表节点的指针数组
for(int i = 0; i < nums; i++)
{
list[i] = p;
p = p->next;
}
// 根据不同的排序方式对链表节点的指针数组进行排序
switch(choice)
{
case 1:
qsort(list, nums, sizeof(struct Student_List *), cmp_id);
break;
case 2:
qsort(list, nums, sizeof(struct Student_List *), cmp_name);
break;
case 3:
qsort(list, nums, sizeof(struct Student_List *), cmp);
break;
case 4:
qsort(list, nums, sizeof(struct Student_List *), cmp_chinese);
break;
case 5:
qsort(list, nums, sizeof(struct Student_List *), cmp_math);
break;
case 6:
qsort(list, nums, sizeof(struct Student_List *), cmp_english);
break;
case 7:
qsort(list, nums, sizeof(struct Student_List *), cmp_physics);
break;
default:
printf("输入有误，请重新输入！\n");
print_students(head);
}
// 输出排序后的结果
printf("姓名 学号 平均分 语文 数学 英语 物理\n");
for(int i = 0; i < nums; i++)
{
printf("%-6s %4d %4.2f %4.1f %4.1f %4.1f %4.1f\n",
list[i]->student.name, list[i]->student.stu_id, average(list[i]),
list[i]->student.grade[0], list[i]->student.grade[1], list[i]->student.grade[2], list[i]->student.grade[3]);
}
// 释放内存
free(list);
}
// 对学号进行比较的函数
int cmp_id(const void *a, const void *b)
{
struct Student_List *p1 = *(struct Student_List **)a;
struct Student_List *p2 = *(struct Student_List **)b;
if(p1->student.stu_id < p2->student.stu_id)
return -1;
else if(p1->student.stu_id == p2->student.stu_id)
return 0;
else
return 1;
}
// 对姓名进行比较的函数
int cmp_name(const void *a, const void *b)
{
struct Student_List *p1 = *(struct Student_List **)a;
struct Student_List *p2 = *(struct Student_List **)b;
return strcmp(p1->student.name, p2->student.name);
}
// 对语文成绩进行比较的函数
int cmp_chinese(const void *a, const void *b)
{
struct Student_List *p1 = *(struct Student_List **)a;
struct Student_List *p2 = *(struct Student_List **)b;
if(p1->student.grade[0] > p2->student.grade[0])
return -1;
else if(p1->student.grade[0] == p2->student.grade[0])
return 0;
else
return 1;
}
// 对数学成绩进行比较的函数
int cmp_math(const void *a, const void *b)
{
struct Student_List *p1 = *(struct Student_List **)a;
struct Student_List *p2 = *(struct Student_List **)b;
if(p1->student.grade[1] > p2->student.grade[1])
return -1;
else if(p1->student.grade[1] == p2->student.grade[1])
return 0;
else
return 1;
}
// 对英语成绩进行比较的函数
int cmp_english(const void *a, const void *b)
{
struct Student_List *p1 = *(struct Student_List **)a;
struct Student_List *p2 = *(struct Student_List **)b;
if(p1->student.grade[2] > p2->student.grade[2])
return -1;
else if(p1->student.grade[2] == p2->student.grade[2])
return 0;
else
return 1;
}
// 对物理成绩进行比较的函数
int cmp_physics(const void *a, const void *b)
{
struct Student_List *p1 = *(struct Student_List **)a;
struct Student_List *p2 = *(struct Student_List **)b;
if(p1->student.grade[3] > p2->student.grade[3])
return -1;
else if(p1->student.grade[3] == p2->student.grade[3])
return 0;
else
return 1;
}
7.Next
以下是完整代码，且可以运行，有需要的小伙伴可以复制下来自己运行一下噢，如果有帮助的话，请给大师我点点赞，大师在此先行谢谢C友了！
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define MAX_STUDENTS 100
#define MAX_NAME_LEN 30
#define MAX_ID_LEN 20
#define MAX_MAJOR_LEN 50
#define MAX_COURSE_LEN 50
#define GRADE_NUM 3
struct student {
char name[MAX_NAME_LEN];
char id[MAX_ID_LEN];
char major[MAX_MAJOR_LEN];
float grades[GRADE_NUM];
};
struct student students[MAX_STUDENTS];
int num_students = 0;
void input_student_info();
void update_student_info();
void query_grades();
void report_grades();
void output_grades();
void help();
void exit_system();
int main() {
int choice = 0;
while (1) {
printf("==== Student Grade Management System ====\n");
printf("1. Input Student Information\n");
printf("2. Update Student Information\n");
printf("3. Query Grades\n");
printf("4. Report Grades\n");
printf("5. Output Grades\n");
printf("6. Help\n");
printf("7. Exit\n");
printf("Please enter your choice (1-7):\n");
scanf("%d", &choice);
switch (choice) {
case 1:
input_student_info();
break;
case 2:
update_student_info();
break;
case 3:
query_grades();
break;
case 4:
report_grades();
break;
case 5:
output_grades();
break;
case 6:
help();
break;
case 7:
exit_system();
return 0;
default:
printf("Invalid choice!\n");
break;
}
}
}
void input_student_info() {
if (num_students >= MAX_STUDENTS) {
printf("Too many students, cannot input more!\n");
return;
}
struct student new_student;
printf("Please enter the name of the student:\n");
scanf("%s", new_student.name);
printf("Please enter the ID of the student:\n");
scanf("%s", new_student.id);
for (int i = 0; i < num_students; i++) {
if (strcmp(students[i].id, new_student.id) == 0) {
printf("Duplicate ID, please input again!\n");
return;
}
}
printf("Please enter the major of the student:\n");
scanf("%s", new_student.major);
printf("Please enter the grades of the student (3 numbers separated by spaces):\n");
scanf("%f %f %f", &new_student.grades[0], &new_student.grades[1], &new_student.grades[2]);
students[num_students++] = new_student;
printf("Student information input successful!\n");
}
void update_student_info() {
char id[MAX_ID_LEN];
printf("Please enter the ID of the student to be updated:\n");
scanf("%s", id);
int found = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < num_students; i++) {
if (strcmp(students[i].id, id) == 0) {
found = 1;
printf("1. Update Name\n");
printf("2. Update Major\n");
printf("3. Update Grades\n");
printf("4. Delete Student\n");
printf("Please enter your choice (1-4):\n");
int choice = 0;
scanf("%d", &choice);
switch (choice) {
case 1:
printf("Please enter the new name of the student:\n");
scanf("%s", students[i].name);
printf("Name updated successful!\n");
break;
case 2:
printf("Please enter the new major of the student:\n");
scanf("%s", students[i].major);
printf("Major updated successful!\n");
break;
case 3:
printf("Please enter the new grades of the student (3 numbers separated by spaces):\n");
scanf("%f %f %f", &students[i].grades[0], &students[i].grades[1], &students[i].grades[2]);
printf("Grades updated successful!\n");
break;
case 4:
for (int j = i + 1; j < num_students; j++) {
students[j - 1] = students[j];
}
num_students--;
printf("Student deleted successful!\n");
break;
default:
printf("Invalid choice!\n");
break;
}
break;
}
}
if (!found) {
printf("Student not found!\n");
}
}
void query_grades() {
printf("1. Query by ID\n");
printf("2. Query by Name\n");
printf("Please enter your choice (1-2):\n");
int choice = 0;
scanf("%d", &choice);
switch (choice) {
case 1:
printf("Please enter the ID of the student:\n");
char id[MAX_ID_LEN];
scanf("%s", id);
for (int i = 0; i < num_students; i++) {
if (strcmp(students[i].id, id) == 0) {
printf("Name: %s\n", students[i].name);
printf("ID: %s\n", students[i].id);
printf("Major: %s\n", students[i].major);
printf("Grades: %.1f %.1f %.1f\n", students[i].grades[0], students[i].grades[1], students[i].grades[2]);
return;
}
}
printf("Student not found!\n");
break;
case 2:
printf("Please enter the name of the student:\n");
char name[MAX_NAME_LEN];
scanf("%s", name);
for (int i = 0; i < num_students; i++) {
if (strcmp(students[i].name, name) == 0) {
printf("Name: %s\n", students[i].name);
printf("ID: %s\n", students[i].id);
printf("Major: %s\n", students[i].major);
printf("Grades: %.1f %.1f %.1f\n", students[i].grades[0], students[i].grades[1], students[i].grades[2]);
return;
}
}
printf("Student not found!\n");
break;
default:
printf("Invalid choice!\n");
break;
}
}
void report_grades() {
printf("1. By Name\n");
printf("2. By Major\n");
printf("3. By Course\n");
printf("4. By Class\n");
printf("Please enter your choice (1-4):\n");
int choice = 0;
scanf("%d", &choice);
switch (choice) {
case 1:
printf("Report by Name:\n");
printf("Name\tID\tGrades\tRank\n");
for (int i = 0; i < num_students; i++) {
float avg_grade = (students[i].grades[0] + students[i].grades[1] + students[i].grades[2]) / 3;
int rank = 1;
for (int j = 0; j < num_students; j++) {
if (i != j) {
float other_avg_grade = (students[j].grades[0] + students[j].grades[1] + students[j].grades[2]) / 3;
if (other_avg_grade > avg_grade) {
rank++;
}
}
}
printf("%s\t%s\t%.1f %.1f %.1f\t%d\n", students[i].name, students[i].id, students[i].grades[0], students[i].grades[1], students[i].grades[2], rank);
}
break;
case 2:
printf("Report by Major:\n");
printf("Major\tCount\tAverage Grade\n");
for (int i = 0; i < num_students; i++) {
char *major = students[i].major;
int count = 1;
float total_grade = students[i].grades[0] + students[i].grades[1] + students[i].grades[2];
for (int j = i + 1; j < num_students; j++) {
if (strcmp(students[j].major, major) == 0) {
count++;
total_grade += students[j].grades[0] + students[j].grades[1] + students[j].grades[2];
}
}
float avg_grade = total_grade / (count * 3);
printf("%s\t%d\t%.1f\n", major, count, avg_grade);
i += count - 1;
}
break;
case 3: {
printf("Please enter the course name:\n");
char course[MAX_COURSE_LEN];
scanf("%s", course);
printf("Report by Course (%s):\n", course);
printf("Name\tID\tGrade\n");
for (int i = 0; i < num_students; i++) {
printf("%s\t%s\t%.1f\n", students[i].name, students[i].id, students[i].grades[choice - 1]);
}
break;
}
case 4: {
printf("Please enter the class name:\n");
char class_name[MAX_MAJOR_LEN];
scanf("%s", class_name);
printf("Report by Class (%s):\n", class_name);
printf("Name\tID\tGrades\tRank\n");
for (int i = 0; i < num_students; i++) {
if (strcmp(students[i].major, class_name) == 0) {
float avg_grade = (students[i].grades[0] + students[i].grades[1] + students[i].grades[2]) / 3;
int rank = 1;
for (int j = 0; j < num_students; j++) {
if (i != j && strcmp(students[j].major, class_name) == 0) {
float other_avg_grade = (students[j].grades[0] + students[j].grades[1] + students[j].grades[2]) / 3;
if (other_avg_grade > avg_grade) {
rank++;
}
}
}
printf("%s\t%s\t%.1f %.1f %.1f\t%d\n", students[i].name, students[i].id, students[i].grades[0], students[i].grades[1], students[i].grades[2], rank);
}
}
break;
}
default:
printf("Invalid choice!\n");
break;
}
}
void output_grades() {
printf("1. By ID\n");
printf("2. By Name\n");
printf("3. By Grade\n");
printf("Please enter your choice (1-3):\n");
int choice = 0;
scanf("%d", &choice);
switch (choice) {
case 1:
printf("Output by ID:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < num_students; i++) {
printf("%s\t%s\t%.1f %.1f %.1f\n", students[i].id, students[i].name, students[i].grades[0], students[i].grades[1], students[i].grades[2]);
}
break;
case 2:
printf("Output by Name:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < num_students; i++) {
printf("%s\t%s\t%.1f %.1f %.1f\n", students[i].name, students[i].id, students[i].grades[0], students[i].grades[1], students[i].grades[2]);
}
break;
case 3:
printf("Output by Grade:\n");
printf("Name\tID\tSum\tAverage\n");
for (int i = 0; i < num_students; i++) {
float sum_grade = students[i].grades[0] + students[i].grades[1] + students[i].grades[2];
float avg_grade = sum_grade / 3;
printf("%s\t%s\t%.1f\t%.1f\n", students[i].name, students[i].id, sum_grade, avg_grade);
}
break;
default:
printf("Invalid choice!\n");
break;
}
}
void help() {
printf("Welcome to Student Grade Management System!\n");
printf("1. Input Student Information: Input the name, ID, major and grades of a new student.\n");
printf("2. Update Student Information: Update the name, major or grades of a student, or delete a student.\n");
printf("3. Query Grades: Query the grades of a student by ID or name.\n");
printf("4. Report Grades: Generate a report of the grades of all students, by name, major, course or class.\n");
printf("5. Output Grades: Output the grades of all students, sorted by ID, name or grade.\n");
printf("6. Help: Show this message.\n");
printf("7. Exit: Exit the system.\n");
}
void exit_system() {
printf("Thank you for using Student Grade Management System, see you next time!\n");
}
总结
以上就是今天要讲的内容，本文仔细介绍了学生管理系统模块化的开发，提供了比较完整且有序的撰写思路，先前模块的思路仅供参考，最终以源码为准。如果觉得博主的文章能够帮到你，还记得点点关注，以下是博主的其它文章，有兴趣的小伙伴可以看看噢。
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