servlet基础学习综合实例

.综合实例：简单登陆验证，下载文件

（1）加载运行即进入login.jsp界面

（2）输入用户名、密码和验证码，点击登录提交登录信息

（3）成功登录，转向download.jsp界面；登录失败，转向loginError.jsp界面，显示登录错误信息并于3s后自动跳转到登录界面

（4）download.jsp下载界面，包括一幅图，一个xlsx文件，一个压缩文件，点击download进行下载

结果演示：

servlet综合实例演示.mp4

详细的知识点请看如下代码及其注释：

文件结构图：

java代码部分：

package com.test.servlet;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;

@WebServlet(name = "VerifyCodeServlet",urlPatterns = "/code")
public class VerifyCodeServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        int width=100;
        int height=30;

        //定义随机字符
        String data="abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
        //创建随机对象
        Random random = new Random();
        //创建图片流
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_3BYTE_BGR);

        //设置图片背景色及形状
        Graphics graphics = image.getGraphics();
        graphics.setColor(Color.gray);
        graphics.fillRect(0,0,width,height);

        //设置随机字符数量和颜色、位置及字符
        graphics.setColor(Color.black);
        String str="";
        for(int i=0;i<4;i++){
            int position=random.nextInt(data.length());
            String substring = data.substring(position, position + 1);
            str +=substring;
            graphics.drawString(substring,width/5*(i+1),15);
        }
        //设置servletContext的属性信息
        this.getServletContext().setAttribute("verify",str);
        //输出请求
        ImageIO.write(image,"jpg",response.getOutputStream());
    }
}


package com.test.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Properties;

@WebServlet(name = "LoginServlet",urlPatterns = "/login")
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {


        //读取db.properties获取允许登陆的用户信息
        InputStream resourceAsStream = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/db.properties");
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.load(resourceAsStream);
        String userName = properties.getProperty("name");
        String userPassWord = properties.getProperty("passWord");

        //获取servletContext的属性信息
        String correctVerify = (String) this.getServletContext().getAttribute("verify");

        //获取登陆页面信息
        String name = request.getParameter("name");
        String passWord = request.getParameter("passWord");
        String verify = request.getParameter("verify");


        //判断
        if(name.equals(userName)&&passWord.equals(userPassWord)&&verify.equals(correctVerify)){//验证通过
            //跳转到下载页面
            response.sendRedirect("/test/download.jsp");
        }else{//验证没有通过
            /**
             * 自动刷新重新跳转回到登陆页面
             * <meta http-equiv='refresh' content='3;url='>固定格式
             */
            if(!name.equals(userName)){
                //发送用户名错误信息
                request.setAttribute("errorMessage","<p>用户名错误</p><p><meta http-equiv='refresh' content='3;url=/test/login.jsp'>3秒后会自动跳转到登陆界面，如果没有跳转，请点击<a href='/hello/index.jsp'>跳转连接</a></p>");
                request.getRequestDispatcher("/loginError.jsp").forward(request,response);//转发

            }else if(!passWord.equals(userPassWord)){
                //发送密码错误信息
                request.setAttribute("errorMessage","<p>密码错误</p><p><meta http-equiv='refresh' content='3;url=/test/login.jsp'>3秒后会自动跳转到登陆界面，如果没有跳转，请点击<a href='/hello/index.jsp'>跳转连接</a></p>");
                request.getRequestDispatcher("/loginError.jsp").forward(request,response);//转发

            }else if(!verify.equals(correctVerify)){
                //发送验证码错误信息
                request.setAttribute("errorMessage","<p>验证码错误</p><p><meta http-equiv='refresh' content='3;url=/test/login.jsp'>3秒后会自动跳转到登陆界面，如果没有跳转，请点击<a href='/hello/index.jsp'>跳转连接</a></p>");
                request.getRequestDispatcher("/loginError.jsp").forward(request,response);//转发
            }

        }



    }
}


package com.test.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

@WebServlet(name = "DownloadServlet",urlPatterns = "/download")
public class DownloadServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        //获取点击按钮的值
        String down = request.getParameter("down");

        //response.getWriter();//输出字节码文件
        //获取下载的文件名
        String filename = request.getParameter(down);
        //通知浏览器不要预览，直接下载
        String type = this.getServletContext().getMimeType(filename);
        response.setContentType(type);
        //通知浏览器下载的方式
        response.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename="+filename);

        //获取文件的绝对路径
        String realPath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("download/"+filename);
        InputStream in = new FileInputStream(realPath);
        ServletOutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream();//输出二进制文件

        //文件拷贝
        int len=0;
        byte[] buffer=new byte[1024];
        while ((len=in.read(buffer))>0){
            outputStream.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        in.close();
    }
}

其它代码：

//db.properties
name=preston
passWord=123456

//login.jsp

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: shinelon
  Date: 2020/11/23
  Time: 10:19
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>登陆界面</title>
</head>
<body>
<center>

    <h2>用户登陆</h2>
    <script>
        function changeImageCode() {
            document.getElementById('btn').isDisable=true;
            document.getElementById('identity').src='code?ts='+new Date().getTime();
        }
    </script>

    <form action="login" method="get">
        <p>账号：<input type="text" name="name" /></p>
        <p>密码：<input type="text" name="passWord" /></p>
        <p>验证码：<input type="text" name="verify" />
            <img src="code" id="identity" onload="btn.disable=false;" style="cursor: pointer;vertical-align: center" />
            <input type="button" value="看不清，更换验证码" onclick="changeImageCode()" id="btn" style="vertical-align: center" />

        </p>
        <input type="submit" value="提交" />
    </form>
</center>
</body>
</html>


//loginError.jsp

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: shinelon
  Date: 2020/11/23
  Time: 11:48
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>登陆错误信息页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<%=request.getAttribute("errorMessage")%>
</body>
</html>


//download.jsp
<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: shinelon
  Date: 2020/11/23
  Time: 10:19
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>文件下载页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<center>

    <h2>文件下载列表</h2>

    <form action="download" method="get">
        <p><input type="text" value="大熊猫图片" disabled="false"/>
            <input type="text" value="xm.jpg" name="点击下载1" hidden="true"/>
            <input type="submit" value="点击下载1" name="down"/>
        </p>
        <p><input type="text" value="Tomcat8.5.60压缩文件" disabled="false"/>
            <input type="text" value="apache-tomcat-8.5.60-windows-x64.zip" name="点击下载2" hidden="true"/>
            <input type="submit" value="点击下载2" name="down"/>
        </p>
        <p><input type="text" value="UML类图" disabled="false"/>
            <input type="text" value="UML类图.xlsx" name="点击下载3" hidden="true"/>
            <input type="submit" value="点击下载3" name="down"/>
        </p>
    </form>
</center>
</body>
</html>