LEETCODE-Nim Game(博弈论，Bush Game )

You are playing the following Nim Game with your friend: There is a heap of stones on the table, each time one of you take turns to remove 1 to 3 stones. The one who removes the last stone will be the winner. You will take the first turn to remove the stones.

Both of you are very clever and have optimal strategies for the game. Write a function to determine whether you can win the game given the number of stones in the heap.

For example, if there are 4 stones in the heap, then you will never win the game: no matter 1, 2, or 3 stones you remove, the last stone will always be removed by your friend.
[巴什博弈Bush Game]
(http://baike.baidu.com/view/1952623.htm)
一）巴什博弈（Bash Game，同余理论）：只有一堆n个物品，两个人轮流从这堆物品中取物，规定每次至少取一个，最多取m个。最后取光者得胜。

显然，如果n=m+1，那么由于一次最多只能取m个，所以，无论先取者拿走多少个，后取者都能够一次

拿走剩余的物品，后者取胜。因此我们发现了如何取胜的法则：如果n=（m+1）r+s，（r为任意自然数，s≤m),那么先取者要拿走s个物品，如果后取者拿走k（≤m)个，那么先取者再拿走m+1-k个，结果剩下（m+1）（r-1）个，以后保持这样的取法，那么先取者肯定获胜。总之，要保持给对手留下（m+1）的倍数，就能最后获胜。
这个游戏还可以有一种变相的玩法：两个人轮流报数，每次至少报一个，最多报十个，谁能报到100者胜。

class Solution {
public:
    bool canWinNim(int n) {
        if(n % 4 == 0)
           return 0;
        else
           return 1;
    }
};

[感谢 风云龙儿 转载的文章]
(http://blog.csdn.net/hanchengxi/article/details/11918127)