docker学习笔记（二）

Docker常用命令

今天我们继续来学Docker的命令/(ㄒoㄒ)/~~

docker inspect

• 语法：docker inspect ContainerId/NAME
• 作用：获取容器/镜像的元数据

例子：

 docker inspect elasticsearch:7.7.1                                                                                    [
    {
        "Id": "sha256:830a894845e39d20e413d8a824ba1f7562d76a02cf9a85a8b6d1d9d47a4d5dd3",
        "RepoTags": [
            "elasticsearch:7.7.1"
        ],
        "RepoDigests": [
            "elasticsearch@sha256:dff614393a31b93e8bbe9f8d1a77be041da37eac2a7a9567166dd5a2abab7c67"
        ],
        "Parent": "",
        "Comment": "",
        "Created": "2020-05-28T16:35:24.240322241Z",
        "Container": "a5f5c958558a9b015c3b57d3d625c478fd2c1d37e62dad4cb51a23862b59dfdb",
        "ContainerConfig": {
            "Hostname": "a5f5c958558a",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "ExposedPorts": {
                "9200/tcp": {},
                "9300/tcp": {}
            },
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/share/elasticsearch/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
                "ELASTIC_CONTAINER=true"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "#(nop) ",
                "CMD [\"eswrapper\"]"
            ],
            "Image": "sha256:9a105291472c67a41cd4ed711e3db5e87f6073550fd1402f9cb8e70597abe019",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "/usr/share/elasticsearch",
            "Entrypoint": [
                "/tini",
                "--",
                "/usr/local/bin/docker-entrypoint.sh"
            ],
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "2020-05-28T16:30:01.040088Z",
                "org.label-schema.license": "Elastic-License",
                "org.label-schema.name": "Elasticsearch",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.url": "https://www.elastic.co/products/elasticsearch",
                "org.label-schema.usage": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/index.html",
                "org.label-schema.vcs-ref": "ad56dce891c901a492bb1ee393f12dfff473a423",
                "org.label-schema.vcs-url": "https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "Elastic",
                "org.label-schema.version": "7.7.1",
                "org.opencontainers.image.created": "2020-05-28T16:30:01.040088Z",
                "org.opencontainers.image.documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/index.html",
                "org.opencontainers.image.licenses": "Elastic-License",
                "org.opencontainers.image.revision": "ad56dce891c901a492bb1ee393f12dfff473a423",
                "org.opencontainers.image.source": "https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch",
                "org.opencontainers.image.title": "Elasticsearch",
                "org.opencontainers.image.url": "https://www.elastic.co/products/elasticsearch",
                "org.opencontainers.image.vendor": "Elastic",
                "org.opencontainers.image.version": "7.7.1"
            }
        },.......

docker cp

• 语法：docker cp CONTAINER:SRC_PATH DEST_PATH

• 作用：将容器中文件拷往主机

• 语法：docker cp SRC_PATH CONTAINER:DEST_PATH

• 作用：将主机的文件拷往容器

例子：将本地的elasticsearch.yml拷往容器的/usr/share/elasticsearch/co
nfig/ 文件夹

docker cp E:/elasticsearch-7.3.2-no-jdk-windows-x86_64/elasticsearch-7.3.2/config/elasticsearch.yml 83bba1b53fff:/usr/share/elasticsearch/co
nfig/

例子：将容器的elasticsearch.yml拷往主机的桌面

docker cp 83bba1b53fff:/usr/share/elasticsearch/config/elasticsearch.yml C:/Users/ZJ/Desktop/

docker logs

• 命令： docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINERID
• 作用：获取容器的日志

选项	作用
–details	显示更多的信息
-f, --follow	跟踪实时日志
–since string	显示自某个timestamp之后的日志，或相对时间，如42m（即42分钟）
–tail string	从日志末尾显示多少行日志， 默认是all
-t, --timestamps	显示时间戳
–until string	显示自某个timestamp之前的日志，或相对时间，如42m（即42分钟）

例子：跟踪实时日志，只显示最后5行

docker logs -f -t --tail=5 83bba1b53fff

例子：显示最近30分钟的日志

docker logs --since=30m 83bba1b53fff

例子：显示2020年7月1日以后的日志

docker logs -t --since="2020-07-01" 83bba1b53fff

例子：显示2020年7月1日至2020年7月2日时间段的日志

docker logs -t --since="2020-07-01" --until "2020-07-02" 83bba1b53fff

docker exec

• 命令:docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG…]
• 作用：在运行的容器中执行命令

选项	作用
-d	在后台运行
-i	即使没有附加也保持STDIN 打开
-t	分配一个伪终端

例子

$ docker exec -it 941a819f5832  echo -e "Hello nginx"
Hello nginx

命令小备份：

docker exec 83bba1b53fff cat /usr/share/elasticsearch/config/elasticsearch.yml

$ docker run --name=test_es -d -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 docker.io/elasticsearch:7.7.1