文章目录
1 string构造函数
string
是C++
风格的字符串,本质上是一个类,既然是类,那就有相应的构造函数
构造函数原型:
- string() //创建一个空的字符串
- string(const char* s) //使用字符串s初始化
- string(const string& str) //使用一个string对象初始化另一个string对象
- string(int n,char c) //使用n个字符c初始化
示例:
void test01()
{
string s1;
const char * str = "hello world";
string s2(str);
cout << "s2 = " << s2 << endl;
string s3(s2);
cout << "s3 = " << s3 << endl;
string s4(10, 'a');
cout << "s4 = " << s4 << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
2 string赋值操作
赋值的函数原型:
- string& operator=(const char* s) //char*类型字符串赋值给当前的字符串
- string& operator=(const string &s) //把字符串s赋值给当前的字符串
- string& operator=(char c) //字符赋值给当前的字符串
- string& assign(const char *s) //把字符串s赋值给当前的字符串
- string& assign(const char *s, int n) //把字符串s的前n个字符赋值给当前的字符串
- string& assign(const string &s) //把字符串s赋值给当前字符串
- string& assign(int n, char c) //用n个字符c赋值给当前字符串
示例:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
void test01()
{
string str1;
str1 = "hello world";
cout << "str1 = " << str1 << endl;
string str2;
str2 = str1;
cout << "str2 = " << str2 << endl;
string str3;
str3 = 'a';
cout << "str3 = " << str3 << endl;
string str4;
str4.assign("hello C++");
cout << "str4 = " << str4 << endl;
string str5;
str5.assign("hello C++", 5);
cout << "str5 = " << str5 << endl;
string str6;
str6.assign(str5);
cout << "str6 = " << str6 << endl;
string str7;
str7.assign(10, 'w');
cout << "str7 = " << str7 << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
3 string字符串拼接
函数原型:
- string& operator+=(const char* s)
- string& operator+=(const char c)
- string& operator+=(const string &str)
- string& append(const char *s) //把字符串s连接到当前字符串结尾
- string& append(const char *s, int n) //把字符串s的前n个字符连接到当前字符串结尾
- string& append(const string &s)
- string& append(const string &s, int pos, int n) //字符串s中从pos开始的n个字符连接到字符串结尾
示例:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
void test01()
{
string str1 = "我";
str1 += "爱玩游戏";
cout << "str1 = " << str1 << endl;
str1 += ':';
cout << "str1 = " << str1 << endl;
string str2 = " LOL DNF";
str1 += str2;
cout << "str1 = " << str1 << endl;
string str3 = "I";
str3.append(" love ");
cout << "str3 = " << str3 << endl;
/*str3.append(str2);*/
str3.append("game abcd", 4);
cout << "str3 = " << str3 << endl;
str3.append(str2, 0, 3);
cout << "str3 = " << str3 << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
4 string查找和替换
函数原型:
- int find(const string& str, int pos=0 ) const //查找str第一次出现位置,从pos开始查找
- int find(const char* s, int pos=0 ) const //查找s第一次出现位置,从pos开始查找
- int find(const char* s, int pos, int n) const //从pos位置查找s的前n个字符第一次出现位置
- int find(const char c, int pos=0) const //查找字符c第一次出现位置
- int rfind(const string& str, int pos=npos) const //查找str最后一次出现位置,从pos开始查找
- int rfind(const char* s, int pos=npos) const //查找s最后一次出现位置,从pos开始查找
- int rfind(const char* s, int pos, int n) const //从pos查找s的前n个字符最后一次出现位置
- int rfind(const char c, int pos=0) const //查找字符c最后一次出现位置
- string& replace(int pos,int n,const string& str) //替换从pos开始n个字符为字符串str
-
- string& replace(int pos,int n,const char* c) //替换从pos开始n个字符为字符串s
示例:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
void test01()
{
string str1 = "abcdefgde ";
int pos = str1.find("de");
cout << "pos = " << pos << endl;
if (pos == -1)
{
cout << "未找到字符串" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "找到字符串,pos = " << pos << endl;
}
pos = str1.rfind("de");
cout << "pos = " << pos << endl;
}
void test02()
{
string str1 = "abcdefg";
str1.replace(1, 3, "1111");
cout << "str1 = " << str1 << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
test02();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
运行结果:
5 string字符串比较
比较方式:
字符串比较是按照字符的ASCII码进行对比
- = = = 返回 0
- > > > 返回 1
- < < < 返回 -1
函数原型:
- int compare(const string &s) const
- int compare(const char* s) const
示例:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
void test01()
{
string str1 = "hello";
string str2 = "hello";
if (str1.compare(str2) == 0)
{
cout << "str1 = str2" << endl;
}
else if (str1.compare(str2) > 0)
{
cout << "str1 > str2" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "str1 < str2" << endl;
}
}
int main()
{
test01();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
6 string存取
string中单个字符存取方式有两种:
- char& operator[](int n)
- char& at(int n)
示例:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
void test01()
{
string str = "hello";
//通过[]访问单个字符
for (int i = 0; i < str.size(); i++)
{
cout << str[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
//通过at访问单个字符
for (int i = 0; i < str.size(); i++)
{
cout << str.at(i) << " ";
}
cout << endl;
//修改单个字符
str[0] = 'x';
str.at(1) = 'x';
cout << "str = " << str << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
7 string插入与删除
函数原型:
- string& insert(int pos, const char *s)
- string& insert(int pos, const string& str)
- string& insert(int pos, int n, char c) //在指定位置插入n个字符c
- string& erase(int pos,int n = npos) //删除从pos开始的n个字符
示例:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
void test01()
{
string str = "hello";
//插入
str.insert(1, "111");
cout << "str = " << str << endl;
//删除
str.erase(1, 3);
cout << "str = " << str << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
8 string子串获取
函数原型:
- string substr(int pos=0, int n = npos) const //返回由pos开始的n个字符组成的字符串
示例:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
void test01()
{
string str = "abcdef";
string substr = str.substr(1, 3);
cout << "substr = " << substr << endl;
}
//实用操作
void test0()
{
string email = "zhangsan@sina.com";
//从邮件地址中获取用户信息
int pos = email.find("@");
string username = email.substr(0, pos);
cout << username << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
注:本文参考b站黑马程序员C++课程