Oracle数据库行列转换

一、建表和插入数据

create table kecheng
(
id NUMBER,
name VARCHAR2(20),
course VARCHAR2(20),
score NUMBER
);
insert into kecheng (id, name, course, score)
values (1, ‘张三’, ‘语文’, 67);
insert into kecheng (id, name, course, score)
values (1, ‘张三’, ‘数学’, 76);
insert into kecheng (id, name, course, score)
values (1, ‘张三’, ‘英语’, 43);
insert into kecheng (id, name, course, score)
values (1, ‘张三’, ‘历史’, 56);
insert into kecheng (id, name, course, score)
values (1, ‘张三’, ‘化学’, 11);
insert into kecheng (id, name, course, score)
values (2, ‘李四’, ‘语文’, 54);
insert into kecheng (id, name, course, score)
values (2, ‘李四’, ‘数学’, 81);
insert into kecheng (id, name, course, score)
values (2, ‘李四’, ‘英语’, 64);
insert into kecheng (id, name, course, score)
values (2, ‘李四’, ‘历史’, 93);
insert into kecheng (id, name, course, score)
values (2, ‘李四’, ‘化学’, 27);
insert into kecheng (id, name, course, score)
values (3, ‘王五’, ‘语文’, 24);
insert into kecheng (id, name, course, score)
values (3, ‘王五’, ‘数学’, 25);
insert into kecheng (id, name, course, score)
values (3, ‘王五’, ‘英语’, 8);
insert into kecheng (id, name, course, score)
values (3, ‘王五’, ‘历史’, 45);
insert into kecheng (id, name, course, score)
values (3, ‘王五’, ‘化学’, 1);
commit;

二、固定行列转换

（1）Decode方法

SELECT ID,NAME,
SUM(DECODE(course,'语文',score,0)) 语文,--这里使用max,min都可以
SUM(DECODE(course,'数学',score,0)) 数学,
SUM(DECODE(course,'英语',score,0)) 英语,
SUM(DECODE(course,'历史',score,0)) 历史,
SUM(DECODE(course,'化学',score,0)) 化学
FROM kecheng
GROUP BY ID ,NAME

（2）Case方法

SELECT ID,NAME,
MAX(CASE WHEN course='语文' THEN score ELSE 0 END) 语文,
MAX(CASE WHEN course='数学' THEN score ELSE 0 END) 数学,
MAX(CASE WHEN course='英语' THEN score ELSE 0 END) 英语,
MAX(CASE WHEN course='历史' THEN score ELSE 0 END) 历史,
MAX(CASE WHEN course='化学' THEN score ELSE 0 END) 化学
FROM kecheng
GROUP BY ID ,NAME

（3）wmsys.wm_concat行列转换函数

SELECT ID,NAME,
wmsys.wm_concat(course || ':'||score) course
FROM kecheng
GROUP BY ID ,NAME;

（4）使用over(partition by t.u_id)用法

SELECT NAME,
wmsys.wm_concat(course ||score)  OVER (PARTITION BY NAME)
FROM kecheng

三、动态转换
使用PL/SQL

DECLARE
  --存放最终的SQL
  LV_SQL VARCHAR2(3000);
  --存放连接的SQL
  SQL_COMMOND VARCHAR2(3000);
  --定义游标
  CURSOR CUR IS
    SELECT COURSE FROM KECHENG GROUP BY COURSE;
BEGIN
  --定义查询开头
  SQL_COMMOND := 'SELECT NAME ';

  FOR I IN CUR LOOP
    --将结果相连接
    SQL_COMMOND := SQL_COMMOND || ' ,SUM(DECODE(course,''' || I.COURSE ||
                   ''',score,0)) ' || I.COURSE;
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQL_COMMOND);
  END LOOP;
  SQL_COMMOND := SQL_COMMOND || ' from KECHENG group by name';
  LV_SQL      := 'INSERT INTO temp_ss  ' || SQL_COMMOND;
  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(LV_SQL);
  EXECUTE IMMEDIATE LV_SQL;
END;