springboot整合web开发流程配置+源码分析笔记(二)

简介:

使用SpringBoot;
1)、创建SpringBoot应用,选中我们需要的模块;
2)、SpringBoot已经默认将这些场景配置好了,只需要在配置文件中指定少量配置就可以运行起来
3)、自己编写业务代码;

自动配置原理

这个场景SpringBoot帮我们配置了什么?能不能修改?能修改哪些配置?能不能扩展?

xxxxAutoConfiguration:帮我们给容器中自动配置组件
xxxxProperties:配置类来封装配置文件的内容

SpringBoot对静态资源的映射规则;

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.resources", ignoreUnknownFields = false)
public class ResourceProperties implements ResourceLoaderAware {
     //可以设置和静态资源有关的参数,缓存时间等
    WebMvcAuotConfiguration:
//可以设置和静态资源有关的参数,缓存时间等
	WebMvcAuotConfiguration:
	@Override
	public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
		if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {
		logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");
		return;
		Integer cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCachePeriod();
		if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {
			customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
			registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**")
			.addResourceLocations(
			"classpath:/META‐INF/resources/webjars/")
			.setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
		}
		String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern();
		//静态资源文件夹映射
		if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {
			customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
			registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern)
				.addResourceLocations(
							this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations())
								.setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
		}
	}
		//配置欢迎页映射
		@Bean
		public WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping(
			ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
			return new WelcomePageHandlerMapping(resourceProperties.getWelcomePage(),
					this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern());
		}
		
		//配置喜欢的图标
		@Configuration
		@ConditionalOnProperty(value = "spring.mvc.favicon.enabled", matchIfMissing = true)
		public static class FaviconConfiguration {
			private final ResourceProperties resourceProperties;
			public FaviconConfiguration(ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
				this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties;
			}
			@Bean
			public SimpleUrlHandlerMapping faviconHandlerMapping() {
				SimpleUrlHandlerMapping mapping = new SimpleUrlHandlerMapping();
				mapping.setOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 1);
				//所有 **/favicon.ico
				mapping.setUrlMap(Collections.singletonMap("**/favicon.ico",
							faviconRequestHandler()));
			return mapping;
			}
			@Bean
			public ResourceHttpRequestHandler faviconRequestHandler() {
				ResourceHttpRequestHandler requestHandler = new ResourceHttpRequestHandler();
				requestHandler.setLocations(this.resourceProperties.getFaviconLocations());
				return requestHandler;
			}
}

1)、所有 /webjars/** ,都去 classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/ 找资源;
webjars:以jar包的方式引入静态资源;
http://www.webjars.org/

localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.js

<!‐‐引入jquery‐webjar‐‐>在访问的时候只需要写webjars下面资源的名称即可
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
    <artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
    <version>3.3.1</version>
</dependency>

2)、"/**" 访问当前项目的任何资源,都去(静态资源的文件夹)找映射

"classpath:/META‐INF/resources/",
"classpath:/resources/",
"classpath:/static/",
"classpath:/public/"
"/":当前项目的根路径

localhost:8080/abc === 去静态资源文件夹里面找abc

3)、欢迎页; 静态资源文件夹下的所有index.html页面;被"/**"映射

localhost:8080/ 找index页面

4)、所有的 **/favicon.ico 都是在静态资源文件下找;

模板引擎

JSP、Velocity、Freemarker、Thymeleaf

SpringBoot推荐的Thymeleaf;
语法更简单,功能更强大;

1、引入thymeleaf;

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐thymeleaf</artifactId>
    <version>2.1.6</version>
</dependency>
切换thymeleaf版本
<properties>
<thymeleaf.version>3.0.9.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version>
<!‐‐ 布局功能的支持程序 thymeleaf3主程序 layout2以上版本 ‐‐>
<!‐‐ thymeleaf2 layout1‐‐>
<thymeleaf‐layout‐dialect.version>2.2.2</thymeleaf‐layout‐dialect.version>
</properties>

2、Thymeleaf的使用

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.thymeleaf")
public class ThymeleafProperties {
    private static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING = Charset.forName("UTF‐8");
    private static final MimeType DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE =         MimeType.valueOf("text/html");
    public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/";
    public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html";

只要我们把HTML页面放在classpath:/templates/,thymeleaf就能自动渲染;

使用:

1、导入thymeleaf的名称空间

<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">

2、使用thymeleaf语法;

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF‐8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>成功!</h1>
<!‐‐th:text 将div里面的文本内容设置为 ‐‐>
<div th:text="${hello}">这是显示欢迎信息</div>
</body>
</html>

3、语法规则

1)、th:text;改变当前元素里面的文本内容;
th:任意html属性;来替换原生属性的值

2)、表达式?

Simple expressions:(表达式语法)
    Variable Expressions: ${...}:获取变量值;OGNL;
        1)、获取对象的属性、调用方法
        2)、使用内置的基本对象:
        #ctx : the context object.
        #vars: the context variables.
        #locale : the context locale.
        #request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object.
        #response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object.
        #session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object.
        #servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object.
        ${session.foo}
3)、内置的一些工具对象:
    #execInfo : information about the template being processed.
    #messages : methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables                 expressions, in the
    same way as they would be obtained using #{…} syntax.
    #uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs
    #conversions : methods for executing the configured conversion service (if any).    
    #dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc.
    #calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects.
    #numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects.
    #strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc.
    #objects : methods for objects in general.
    #bools : methods for boolean evaluation.
    #arrays : methods for arrays.
    #lists : methods for lists.
    #sets : methods for sets.
    #maps : methods for maps.
    #aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections.
    #ids : methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated (for example, as a
result of an iteration).
Selection Variable Expressions: *{...}:选择表达式:和${}在功能上是一样;
补充:配合 th:object="${session.user}:
<div th:object="${session.user}">
    <p>Name: <span th:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p>
    <p>Surname: <span th:text="*{lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p>
    <p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p>
</div>
Message Expressions: #{...}:获取国际化内容
Link URL Expressions: @{...}:定义URL;
@{/order/process(execId=${execId},execType='FAST')}
Fragment Expressions: ~{...}:片段引用表达式
<div th:insert="~{commons :: main}">...</div>
Literals(字面量)
Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!' ,…
Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,…
Boolean literals: true , false
Null literal: null
Literal tokens: one , sometext , main ,…
Text operations:(文本操作)
String concatenation: +
Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}|
Arithmetic operations:(数学运算)
Binary operators: + , ‐ , * , / , %
Minus sign (unary operator): ‐
Boolean operations:(布尔运算)
Binary operators: and , or
Boolean negation (unary operator): ! , not
Comparisons and equality:(比较运算)
Comparators: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le )
Equality operators: == , != ( eq , ne )
Conditional operators:条件运算(三元运算符)
If‐then: (if) ? (then)
If‐then‐else: (if) ? (then) : (else)
Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue)
Special tokens:
No‐Operation: _

4、SpringMVC自动配置

https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/1.5.10.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/#boot-features-developing-web-applications

1. Spring MVC auto-configuration

Spring Boot 自动配置好了SpringMVC
以下是SpringBoot对SpringMVC的默认配置:(WebMvcAutoConfiguration)

Inclusion of ContentNegotiatingViewResolver and BeanNameViewResolver beans.
自动配置了ViewResolver(视图解析器:根据方法的返回值得到视图对象(View),视图对象决定如何
渲染(转发?重定向?))
ContentNegotiatingViewResolver:组合所有的视图解析器的;
如何定制:我们可以自己给容器中添加一个视图解析器;自动的将其组合进来;
Support for serving static resources, including support for WebJars (see below).静态资源文件夹路
径,webjars
Static index.html support. 静态首页访问
Custom Favicon support (see below). favicon.ico
自动注册了 of Converter , GenericConverter , Formatter beans.
Converter:转换器; public String hello(User user):类型转换使用Converter
Formatter 格式化器; 2017.12.17===Date;
@Bean
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "date‐format")//在文件中配置日期格
式化的规则
public Formatter<Date> dateFormatter() {
    return new DateFormatter(this.mvcProperties.getDateFormat());//日期格式化组件
}

自己添加的格式化器转换器,我们只需要放在容器中即可

Support for HttpMessageConverters (see below)

HttpMessageConverter:SpringMVC用来转换Http请求和响应的;User---Json;

HttpMessageConverters 是从容器中确定;获取所有的HttpMessageConverter;

自己给容器中添加HttpMessageConverter,只需要将自己的组件注册容器中
(@Bean,@Component)

Automatic registration of MessageCodesResolver (see below).定义错误代码生成规则

Automatic use of a ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer bean (see below)

我们可以配置一个ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer来替换默认的;(添加到容器)

初始化WebDataBinder;
请求数据=====JavaBean;

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web:web的所有自动场景;

If you want to keep Spring Boot MVC features, and you just want to add additional MVC configuration
(interceptors, formatters, view controllers etc.) you can add your own @Configuration class of type
WebMvcConfigurerAdapter , but without @EnableWebMvc . If you wish to provide custom instances of
RequestMappingHandlerMapping , RequestMappingHandlerAdapter or ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver
you can declare a WebMvcRegistrationsAdapter instance providing such components.
If you want to take complete control of Spring MVC, you can add your own @Configuration annotated with
@EnableWebMvc 

2、扩展SpringMVC

<mvc:view‐controller path="/hello" view‐name="success"/>
<mvc:interceptors>
<mvc:interceptor>
<mvc:mapping path="/hello"/>
<bean></bean>
</mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>

编写一个配置类(@Configuration),是WebMvcConfigurerAdapter类型;不能标注@EnableWebMvc;
既保留了所有的自动配置,也能用我们扩展的配置;

//使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以来扩展SpringMVC的功能
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
    @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
        // super.addViewControllers(registry);
        //浏览器发送 /atguigu 请求来到 success
        registry.addViewController("/atguigu").setViewName("success");
    }
}

原理:
1)、WebMvcAutoConfiguration是SpringMVC的自动配置类
2)、在做其他自动配置时会导入;@Import(EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class)

@Configuration
public static class EnableWebMvcConfiguration extends DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration{
private final WebMvcConfigurerComposite configurers = new WebMvcConfigurerComposite();
//从容器中获取所有的WebMvcConfigurer
@Autowired(required = false)
    public void setConfigurers(List<WebMvcConfigurer> configurers) {
        if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(configurers)) {
            this.configurers.addWebMvcConfigurers(configurers);
        //一个参考实现;将所有的WebMvcConfigurer相关配置都来一起调用;
@Override
    // public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
        // for (WebMvcConfigurer delegate : this.delegates) {
            // delegate.addViewControllers(registry);
    // }
    }
 }

3)、容器中所有的WebMvcConfigurer都会一起起作用;
4)、我们的配置类也会被调用;
效果:SpringMVC的自动配置和我们的扩展配置都会起作用;

3、全面接管SpringMV

SpringBoot对SpringMVC的自动配置不需要了,所有都是我们自己配置;所有的SpringMVC的自动配置都失效了
我们需要在配置类中添加@EnableWebMvc即可;

//使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以来扩展SpringMVC的功能
@EnableWebMvc
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
    @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
        // super.addViewControllers(registry);
        //浏览器发送 /atguigu 请求来到 success
        registry.addViewController("/atguigu").setViewName("success");
    }
}

原理:
为什么@EnableWebMvc自动配置就失效了;

1)@EnableWebMvc的核心

@Import(DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration.class)
public @interface EnableWebMvc {
@Configuration
public class DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class,
WebMvcConfigurerAdapter.class })
//容器中没有这个组件的时候,这个自动配置类才生效
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class)
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 10)
@AutoConfigureAfter({ DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class,
ValidationAutoConfiguration.class })
public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {

4)、@EnableWebMvc将WebMvcConfigurationSupport组件导入进来;
5)、导入的WebMvcConfigurationSupport只是SpringMVC最基本的功能;

5、如何修改SpringBoot的默认配置

模式:
1)、SpringBoot在自动配置很多组件的时候,先看容器中有没有用户自己配置的(@Bean、@Component)如
果有就用用户配置的,如果没有,才自动配置;如果有些组件可以有多个(ViewResolver)将用户配置的和自己默
认的组合起来;
2)、在SpringBoot中会有非常多的xxxConfigurer帮助我们进行扩展配置
3)、在SpringBoot中会有很多的xxxCustomizer帮助我们进行定制配置

6、RestfulCRUD

1)、默认访问首页

//使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以来扩展SpringMVC的功能
//@EnableWebMvc 不要接管SpringMVC
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
    @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
        // super.addViewControllers(registry);
        //浏览器发送 /atguigu 请求来到 success
        registry.addViewController("/atguigu").setViewName("success");
    }
//所有的WebMvcConfigurerAdapter组件都会一起起作用
    @Bean //将组件注册在容器
    public WebMvcConfigurerAdapter webMvcConfigurerAdapter(){
        WebMvcConfigurerAdapter adapter = new WebMvcConfigurerAdapter() {
    @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
        registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login");
        registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("login");
    }
};
    return adapter;
    }
}

2)、国际化
1)、编写国际化配置文件;
2)、使用ResourceBundleMessageSource管理国际化资源文件
3)、在页面使用fmt:message取出国际化内容

2)、SpringBoot自动配置好了管理国际化资源文件的组件;

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.messages")
public class MessageSourceAutoConfiguration {
	/**
	 * Comma‐separated list of basenames (essentially a fully‐qualified classpath
	 * location), each following the ResourceBundle convention with relaxed support
	 * for slash based locations. If it doesn't contain a package qualifier (such as
	 * "org.mypackage"), it will be resolved from the classpath root.
	 */
	private String basename = "messages";

	//我们的配置文件可以直接放在类路径下叫messages.properties;
	@Bean
	public MessageSource messageSource() {
		ResourceBundleMessageSource messageSource = new ResourceBundleMessageSource();
		if (StringUtils.hasText(this.basename)) {
		//设置国际化资源文件的基础名(去掉语言国家代码的)
		messageSource.setBasenames(StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(
		StringUtils.trimAllWhitespace(this.basename)));
		}
		if (this.encoding != null) {
		messageSource.setDefaultEncoding(this.encoding.name());
		}
		messageSource.setFallbackToSystemLocale(this.fallbackToSystemLocale);
		messageSource.setCacheSeconds(this.cacheSeconds);
		messageSource.setAlwaysUseMessageFormat(this.alwaysUseMessageFormat);
		return messageSource;
	}

3)、去页面获取国际化的值;

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta http‐equiv="Content‐Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF‐8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device‐width, initial‐scale=1, shrink‐to‐
fit=no">
<meta name="description" content="">
<meta name="author" content="">
<title>Signin Template for Bootstrap</title>
<!‐‐ Bootstrap core CSS ‐‐>
<link href="asserts/css/bootstrap.min.css"
th:href="@{/webjars/bootstrap/4.0.0/css/bootstrap.css}" rel="stylesheet">
<!‐‐ Custom styles for this template ‐‐>
<link href="asserts/css/signin.css" th:href="@{/asserts/css/signin.css}"
rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body class="text‐center">
    <form class="form‐signin" action="dashboard.html">
    <img class="mb‐4" th:src="@{/asserts/img/bootstrap‐solid.svg}"  src="asserts/img/bootstrap‐solid.svg" alt="" width="72" height="72">
    <h1 class="h3 mb‐3 font‐weight‐normal" th:text="#{login.tip}">
        Please sign   in
    </h1>
    <label class="sr‐only" th:text="#{login.username}">
        Username
    </label>
    <input type="text" class="form‐control" placeholder="Username" th:placeholder="#
        {login.username}" required="" autofocus="">
    <label class="sr‐only" th:text="#{login.password}">Password</label>
    <input type="password" class="form‐control" placeholder="Password"
        th:placeholder="#{login.password}" required="">
    <div class="checkbox mb‐3">
        <label>
            <input type="checkbox" value="remember‐me"/> [[#{login.remember}]]
        </label>
    </div>
    <button class="btn btn‐lg btn‐primary btn‐block" type="submit" th:text="#
        {login.btn}">Sign in</button>
    <p class="mt‐5 mb‐3 text‐muted">© 2017‐2018</p>
    <a class="btn btn‐sm">中文</a>
    <a class="btn btn‐sm">English</a>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

效果:根据浏览器语言设置的信息切换了国际化;
原理:
国际化Locale(区域信息对象);LocaleResolver(获取区域信息对象);

@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "locale")
public LocaleResolver localeResolver() {
	if (this.mvcProperties.getLocaleResolver() == WebMvcProperties.LocaleResolver.FIXED) {
		return new FixedLocaleResolver(this.mvcProperties.getLocale());
	}
	AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver localeResolver = new AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver();
	localeResolver.setDefaultLocale(this.mvcProperties.getLocale());
	return localeResolver;
}
默认的就是根据请求头带来的区域信息获取Locale进行国际化

4)、点击链接切换国际化

/**
* 可以在连接上携带区域信息
*/
public class MyLocaleResolver implements LocaleResolver {
	@Override
	public Locale resolveLocale(HttpServletRequest request) {
		String l = request.getParameter("l");
		Locale locale = Locale.getDefault();
		if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(l)){
		String[] split = l.split("_");
		locale = new Locale(split[0],split[1]);
		}
		return locale;
	}
	@Override
	public void setLocale(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Localelocale) {
		}
	}
	@Bean
	public LocaleResolver localeResolver(){
		return new MyLocaleResolver();
	}
}

3)、登陆
开发期间模板引擎页面修改以后,要实时生效

1)、禁用模板引擎的缓存

# 禁用缓存
spring.thymeleaf.cache=false

2)、页面修改完成以后ctrl+f9:重新编译;

登陆错误消息的显示

<p style="color: red" th:text="${msg}" th:if="${not #strings.isEmpty(msg)}"></p>

4)、拦截器进行登陆检查

/**
* 登陆检查,
*/
public class LoginHandlerInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
	//目标方法执行之前
	@Override
	public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
		Object handler) throws Exception {
		Object user = request.getSession().getAttribute("loginUser");
		if(user == null){
		//未登陆,返回登陆页面
			request.setAttribute("msg","没有权限请先登陆");
			request.getRequestDispatcher("/index.html").forward(request,response);
			return false;
		}else{
		//已登陆,放行请求
			return true;
		}
	}
	@Override
	public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object
			handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
	}
	@Override
	public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
			Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
	}
}

注册拦截器

//所有的WebMvcConfigurerAdapter组件都会一起起作用
@Bean //将组件注册在容器
public WebMvcConfigurerAdapter webMvcConfigurerAdapter(){
	WebMvcConfigurerAdapter adapter = new WebMvcConfigurerAdapter() {
	@Override
	public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
		registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login");
		registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("login");
		registry.addViewController("/main.html").setViewName("dashboard");
	}
	//注册拦截器
	@Override
	public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
		//super.addInterceptors(registry);
		//静态资源; *.css , *.js
		//SpringBoot已经做好了静态资源映射
		registry.addInterceptor(new
		LoginHandlerInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**")
		.excludePathPatterns("/index.html","/","/user/login");
		}
	};
	return adapter;
}

5)、CRUD-员工列表
实验要求:
1)、RestfulCRUD:CRUD满足Rest风格;
URI: /资源名称/资源标识 HTTP请求方式区分对资源CRUD操作

 普通CRUD(uri来区分操作)RestfulCRUD
查询getEmp emp---GETemp---GET
添加addEmp?xxx emp---POSTemp---POST
修改updateEmp?id=xxx&xxx=xx emp/{idemp/{id}---PUT
删除deleteEmp?id=1emp/{id}---DELETE

2)、实验的请求架构;

实验功能请求URI请求方式
查询所有员工empsGET
查询某个员工(来到修改页面)emp/1GET
来到添加页面emp GET
添加员工empPOST
来到修改页面(查出员工进行信息回显)emp/1GET
修改员工emp PUT
删除员工emp/1 DELETE

3)、员工列表:
thymeleaf公共页面元素抽取

1、抽取公共片段
<div th:fragment="copy">
&copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</div>
2、引入公共片段
<div th:insert="~{footer :: copy}"></div>
~{templatename::selector}:模板名::选择器
~{templatename::fragmentname}:模板名::片段名
3、默认效果:
insert的公共片段在div标签中
如果使用th:insert等属性进行引入,可以不用写~{}:
行内写法可以加上:[[~{}]];[(~{})];

三种引入公共片段的th属性:
th:insert:将公共片段整个插入到声明引入的元素中
th:replace:将声明引入的元素替换为公共片段
th:include:将被引入的片段的内容包含进这个标签中

<footer th:fragment="copy">
&copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</footer>
引入方式
<div th:insert="footer :: copy"></div>
<div th:replace="footer :: copy"></div>
<div th:include="footer :: copy"></div>
效果
<div>
<footer>
&copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</footer>
</div>
<footer>
&copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</footer>
<div>
&copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</div>

引入片段的时候传入参数:

<nav class="col‐md‐2 d‐none d‐md‐block bg‐light sidebar" id="sidebar">
<div class="sidebar‐sticky">
<ul class="nav flex‐column">
<li class="nav‐item">
    <a class="nav‐link active" th:class="${activeUri=='main.html'?'nav‐link active':'nav‐link'}"
        href="#" th:href="@{/main.html}">
    <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"
        viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke‐width="2" stroke‐
            linecap="round" stroke‐linejoin="round" class="feather feather‐home">
            <path d="M3 9l9‐7 9 7v11a2 2 0 0 1‐2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1‐2‐2z"></path>
        <polyline points="9 22 9 12 15 12 15 22"></polyline>
    </svg>
    Dashboard <span class="sr‐only">(current)</span>
    </a>
</li>
<!‐‐引入侧边栏;传入参数‐‐>
<div th:replace="commons/bar::#sidebar(activeUri='emps')"></div>

6)、CRUD-员工添加

添加页面

<form>
    <div class="form‐group">
        <label>LastName</label>
        <input type="text" class="form‐control" placeholder="zhangsan">
    </div>
    <div class="form‐group">
    <label>Email</label>
        <input type="email" class="form‐control" placeholder="zhangsan@atguigu.com">
    </div>
        <div class="form‐group">
            <label>Gender</label><br/>
            <div class="form‐check form‐check‐inline">
                <input class="form‐check‐input" type="radio" name="gender" value="1">
                <label class="form‐check‐label">男</label>
            </div>
            <div class="form‐check form‐check‐inline">
                <input class="form‐check‐input" type="radio" name="gender" value="0">
                <label class="form‐check‐label">女</label>
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="form‐group">
        <label>department</label>
    <select class="form‐control">
        <option>1</option>
        <option>2</option>
        <option>3</option>
        <option>4</option>
        <option>5</option>
    </select>
</div>
<div class="form‐group">
<label>Birth</label>
<input type="text" class="form‐control" placeholder="zhangsan">
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn‐primary">添加</button>
</form>

提交的数据格式不对:生日:日期;
2017-12-12;2017/12/12;2017.12.12;
日期的格式化;SpringMVC将页面提交的值需要转换为指定的类型;
2017-12-12---Date; 类型转换,格式化;
默认日期是按照/的方式;

7)、CRUD-员工修改
修改添加二合一表单

<!‐‐需要区分是员工修改还是添加;‐‐>
<form th:action="@{/emp}" method="post">
    <!‐‐发送put请求修改员工数据‐‐>
    <!‐‐
    1、SpringMVC中配置HiddenHttpMethodFilter;(SpringBoot自动配置好的)
    2、页面创建一个post表单
    3、创建一个input项,name="_method";值就是我们指定的请求方式
    ‐‐>
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="put" th:if="${emp!=null}"/>
<input type="hidden" name="id" th:if="${emp!=null}" th:value="${emp.id}">
<div class="form‐group">
    <label>LastName</label>
    <input name="lastName" type="text" class="form‐control" placeholder="zhangsan"
    th:value="${emp!=null}?${emp.lastName}">
</div>
<div class="form‐group">
    <label>Email</label>
    <input name="email" type="email" class="form‐control"
    placeholder="zhangsan@atguigu.com" th:value="${emp!=null}?${emp.email}">
</div>
<div class="form‐group">
    <label>Gender</label><br/>
<div class="form‐check form‐check‐inline">
    <input class="form‐check‐input" type="radio" name="gender" value="1"
    th:checked="${emp!=null}?${emp.gender==1}">
    <label class="form‐check‐label">男</label>
</div>
<div class="form‐check form‐check‐inline">
    <input class="form‐check‐input" type="radio" name="gender" value="0"
    th:checked="${emp!=null}?${emp.gender==0}">
    <label class="form‐check‐label">女</label>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form‐group">
    <label>department</label>
    <!‐‐提交的是部门的id‐‐>
    <select class="form‐control" name="department.id">
        <option th:selected="${emp!=null}?${dept.id == emp.department.id}"
        th:value="${dept.id}" th:each="dept:${depts}" th:text="${dept.departmentName}">1</option>
    </select>
</div>
<div class="form‐group">
    <label>Birth</label>
    <input name="birth" type="text" class="form‐control" placeholder="zhangsan"
    th:value="${emp!=null}?${#dates.format(emp.birth, 'yyyy‐MM‐dd HH:mm')}">
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn‐primary" th:text="${emp!=null}?'修改':'添加'">添加
</button>
</form>

8)、CRUD-员工删除

<tr th:each="emp:${emps}">
    <td th:text="${emp.id}"></td>
    <td>[[${emp.lastName}]]</td>
    <td th:text="${emp.email}"></td>
    <td th:text="${emp.gender}==0?'女':'男'"></td>
    <td th:text="${emp.department.departmentName}"></td>
    <td th:text="${#dates.format(emp.birth, 'yyyy‐MM‐dd HH:mm')}"></td>
    <td>
        <a class="btn btn‐sm btn‐primary" th:href="@{/emp/}+${emp.id}">编辑</a>
        <button th:attr="del_uri=@{/emp/}+${emp.id}" class="btn btn‐sm btn‐danger
        deleteBtn">删除</button>
    </td>
</tr>
<script>
    $(".deleteBtn").click(function(){
        //删除当前员工的
    $("#deleteEmpForm").attr("action",$(this).attr("del_uri")).submit();
        return false;
    });
</script>

7、错误处理机制
1)、SpringBoot默认的错误处理机制
默认效果:
1)、浏览器,返回一个默认的错误页面

原理:
可以参照ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration;错误处理的自动配置;
给容器中添加了以下组件
1、DefaultErrorAttributes:

帮我们在页面共享信息;
@Override
public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes,boolean includeStackTrace) {
        Map<String, Object> errorAttributes = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>();
        errorAttributes.put("timestamp", new Date());
        addStatus(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
        addErrorDetails(errorAttributes, requestAttributes, includeStackTrace);
        addPath(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
        return errorAttributes;
}

2、BasicErrorController:处理默认/error请求

@Controller
@RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}")
public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController {
	@RequestMapping(produces = "text/html")//产生html类型的数据;浏览器发送的请求来到这个方法处理
	public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request,
		HttpServletResponse response) {
		HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
		Map<String, Object> model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(getErrorAttributes(
		request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML)));
		response.setStatus(status.value());
		//去哪个页面作为错误页面;包含页面地址和页面内容
		ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);
	return (modelAndView == null ? new ModelAndView("error", model) : modelAndView);
}
@RequestMapping
@ResponseBody //产生json数据,其他客户端来到这个方法处理;
public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error(HttpServletRequest request) {
	Map<String, Object> body = getErrorAttributes(request,
	isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL));
	HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
	return new ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>>(body, status);
}

3、ErrorPageCustomizer:

@Value("${error.path:/error}")
private String path = "/error"; 系统出现错误以后来到error请求进行处理;(web.xml注册的错误页
面规则)

4、DefaultErrorViewResolver:

@Override
public ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpStatus status,
	Map<String, Object> model) {
	ModelAndView modelAndView = resolve(String.valueOf(status), model);
	if (modelAndView == null && SERIES_VIEWS.containsKey(status.series())) {
		modelAndView = resolve(SERIES_VIEWS.get(status.series()), model);
	}
	return modelAndView;
}
private ModelAndView resolve(String viewName, Map<String, Object> model) {
	//默认SpringBoot可以去找到一个页面? error/404
	String errorViewName = "error/" + viewName;
	//模板引擎可以解析这个页面地址就用模板引擎解析
	TemplateAvailabilityProvider provider = this.templateAvailabilityProviders
	.getProvider(errorViewName, this.applicationContext);
	if (provider != null) {
	//模板引擎可用的情况下返回到errorViewName指定的视图地址
	return new ModelAndView(errorViewName, model);
}
//模板引擎不可用,就在静态资源文件夹下找errorViewName对应的页面 error/404.html
return resolveResource(errorViewName, model);
}

步骤:
一但系统出现4xx或者5xx之类的错误;ErrorPageCustomizer就会生效(定制错误的响应规则);就会来到/error
请求;就会被BasicErrorController处理;
1)响应页面;去哪个页面是由DefaultErrorViewResolver解析得到的;

protected ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request,
	HttpServletResponse response, HttpStatus status, Map<String, Object> model) {
	//所有的ErrorViewResolver得到ModelAndView
		for (ErrorViewResolver resolver : this.errorViewResolvers) {
		ModelAndView modelAndView = resolver.resolveErrorView(request, status, model);
		if (modelAndView != null) {
			return modelAndView;
		}
	}
	return null;
}

2)、如果定制错误响应:
1)、如何定制错误的页面;
1)、有模板引擎的情况下;error/状态码; 【将错误页面命名为 错误状态码.html 放在模板引擎文件夹里面的
error文件夹下】,发生此状态码的错误就会来到 对应的页面;
我们可以使用4xx和5xx作为错误页面的文件名来匹配这种类型的所有错误,精确优先(优先寻找精确的状态
码.html);
页面能获取的信息;
timestamp:时间戳
status:状态码
error:错误提示
exception:异常对象
message:异常消息
errors:JSR303数据校验的错误都在这里
2)、没有模板引擎(模板引擎找不到这个错误页面),静态资源文件夹下找;
3)、以上都没有错误页面,就是默认来到SpringBoot默认的错误提示页面;
2)、如何定制错误的json数据;
1)、自定义异常处理&返回定制json数据;

@ControllerAdvice
public class MyExceptionHandler {
	@ResponseBody
	@ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)
	public Map<String,Object> handleException(Exception e){
		Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
		map.put("code","user.notexist");
		map.put("message",e.getMessage());
		return map;
	}
}
//没有自适应效果...

2)、转发到/error进行自适应响应效果处理

@ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)
public String handleException(Exception e, HttpServletRequest request){
	Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
	//传入我们自己的错误状态码 4xx 5xx,否则就不会进入定制错误页面的解析流程
	/**
	* Integer statusCode = (Integer) request
	.getAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code");
	*/
	request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code",500);
	map.put("code","user.notexist");
	map.put("message",e.getMessage());
	//转发到/error
	return "forward:/error";
}

3)、将我们的定制数据携带出去;
出现错误以后,会来到/error请求,会被BasicErrorController处理,响应出去可以获取的数据是由
getErrorAttributes得到的(是AbstractErrorController(ErrorController)规定的方法);
1、完全来编写一个ErrorController的实现类【或者是编写AbstractErrorController的子类】,放在容器中;
2、页面上能用的数据,或者是json返回能用的数据都是通过errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes得到;
容器中DefaultErrorAttributes.getErrorAttributes();默认进行数据处理的;
自定义ErrorAttributes
 

//给容器中加入我们自己定义的ErrorAttributes
@Component
public class MyErrorAttributes extends DefaultErrorAttributes {
	@Override
	public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes,
		boolean includeStackTrace) {
		Map<String, Object> map = super.getErrorAttributes(requestAttributes,
		includeStackTrace);
		map.put("company","atguigu");
		return map;
	}
}

最终的效果:响应是自适应的,可以通过定制ErrorAttributes改变需要返回的内容

8、配置嵌入式Servlet容器

1)、如何定制和修改Servlet容器的相关配置;
1、修改和server有关的配置(ServerProperties【也是EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】);

server.port=8081
server.context‐path=/crud
server.tomcat.uri‐encoding=UTF‐8
//通用的Servlet容器设置
server.xxx
//Tomcat的设置
server.tomcat.xxx

2、编写一个EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer:嵌入式的Servlet容器的定制器;来修改Servlet容器的配置

@Bean //一定要将这个定制器加入到容器中
public EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer embeddedServletContainerCustomizer(){
	return new EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer() {
	//定制嵌入式的Servlet容器相关的规则
		@Override
		public void customize(ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer container) {
			container.setPort(8083);
		}
	};
}
2)、注册Servlet三大组件【Servlet、Filter、Listener】
由于SpringBoot默认是以jar包的方式启动嵌入式的Servlet容器来启动SpringBoot的web应用,没有web.xml文
件。
注册三大组件用以下方式
ServletRegistrationBean
//注册三大组件
@Bean
public ServletRegistrationBean myServlet(){
ServletRegistrationBean registrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new
MyServlet(),"/myServlet");
return registrationBean;
}

FilterRegistrationBean

@Bean
public FilterRegistrationBean myFilter(){
	FilterRegistrationBean registrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
	registrationBean.setFilter(new MyFilter());
	registrationBean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/hello","/myServlet"));
	return registrationBean;
}

ServletListenerRegistrationBean

@Bean
public ServletListenerRegistrationBean myListener(){
    ServletListenerRegistrationBean<MyListener> registrationBean = new
    ServletListenerRegistrationBean<>(new MyListener());
    return registrationBean;
}

SpringBoot帮我们自动SpringMVC的时候,自动的注册SpringMVC的前端控制器;DIspatcherServlet;
DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration中:

@Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME)
@ConditionalOnBean(value = DispatcherServlet.class, name =
DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)
public ServletRegistrationBean dispatcherServletRegistration(
DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet) {
	ServletRegistrationBean registration = new ServletRegistrationBean(
	dispatcherServlet, this.serverProperties.getServletMapping());
	//默认拦截: / 所有请求;包静态资源,但是不拦截jsp请求; /*会拦截jsp
	//可以通过server.servletPath来修改SpringMVC前端控制器默认拦截的请求路径
	registration.setName(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME);
	registration.setLoadOnStartup(
	this.webMvcProperties.getServlet().getLoadOnStartup());
	if (this.multipartConfig != null) {
		registration.setMultipartConfig(this.multipartConfig);
	}
	return registration;
}

2)、SpringBoot能不能支持其他的Servlet容器;
3)、替换为其他嵌入式Servlet容器

默认支持:
Tomcat(默认使用)

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐web</artifactId>
    引入web模块默认就是使用嵌入式的Tomcat作为Servlet容器;
</dependency>

Jetty

<!‐‐ 引入web模块 ‐‐>
<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐web</artifactId>
	<exclusions>
		<exclusion>
			<artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐tomcat</artifactId>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		</exclusion>
	</exclusions>
</dependency>
<!‐‐引入其他的Servlet容器‐‐>
<dependency>
	<artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐jetty</artifactId>
	<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</dependency>

Undertow

<!‐‐ 引入web模块 ‐‐>
<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐web</artifactId>
	<exclusions>
		<exclusion>
			<artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐tomcat</artifactId>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		</exclusion>
	</exclusions>
</dependency>
<!‐‐引入其他的Servlet容器‐‐>
<dependency>
	<artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐undertow</artifactId>
	<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</dependency>

4)、嵌入式Servlet容器自动配置原理;
EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration:嵌入式的Servlet容器自动配置?

@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
@Import(BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class)
//导入BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar:Spring注解版;给容器中导入一些组件
//导入了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor:
//后置处理器:bean初始化前后(创建完对象,还没赋值赋值)执行初始化工作
public class EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration {
	@Configuration
	@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Tomcat.class })//判断当前是否引入了Tomcat依赖;
	@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search =
	SearchStrategy.CURRENT)//判断当前容器没有用户自己定义EmbeddedServletContainerFactory:嵌入式的
	Servlet容器工厂;作用:创建嵌入式的Servlet容器
	public static class EmbeddedTomcat {
			@Bean
			public TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory tomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory(){
				return new TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
			}
	}
		/**
		* Nested configuration if Jetty is being used.
		*/
		@Configuration
		@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Server.class, Loader.class,
		WebAppContext.class })
		@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search =
		SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
		public static class EmbeddedJetty {
			@Bean
			public JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory jettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
			return new JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
		}
}

/**
		* Nested configuration if Undertow is being used.
		*/
		@Configuration
		@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Undertow.class, SslClientAuthMode.class })
		@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search =
		SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
		public static class EmbeddedUndertow {
		@Bean
		public UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory
			undertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
			return new UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
			}
		}

1)EmbeddedServletContainerFactory(嵌入式Servlet容器工厂)

public interface EmbeddedServletContainerFactory {
//获取嵌入式的Servlet容器
    EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer(
    ServletContextInitializer... initializers);
}

2)、EmbeddedServletContainer:(嵌入式的Servlet容器)

3)、以TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory为例

@Override
public EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer(
ServletContextInitializer... initializers) {
//创建一个Tomcat
Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
//配置Tomcat的基本环节
File baseDir = (this.baseDirectory != null ? this.baseDirectory
		: createTempDir("tomcat"));
		tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath());
		Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol);
		tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector);
		customizeConnector(connector);
		tomcat.setConnector(connector);
		tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false);
		configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine());
		for (Connector additionalConnector : this.additionalTomcatConnectors) {
			tomcat.getService().addConnector(additionalConnector);
		}
		prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers);
		//将配置好的Tomcat传入进去,返回一个EmbeddedServletContainer;并且启动Tomcat服务器
		return getTomcatEmbeddedServletContainer(tomcat);
}

4)、我们对嵌入式容器的配置修改是怎么生效?

ServerProperties、EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer

EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer:定制器帮我们修改了Servlet容器的配置?
怎么修改的原理?
5)、容器中导入了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor

//初始化之前
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName)
throws BeansException {
//如果当前初始化的是一个ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer类型的组件
	if (bean instanceof ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) {
	//
		postProcessBeforeInitialization((ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) bean);
	}
	return bean;
}
private void postProcessBeforeInitialization(
ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer bean) {
//获取所有的定制器,调用每一个定制器的customize方法来给Servlet容器进行属性赋值;
	for (EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer customizer : getCustomizers()) {
		customizer.customize(bean);
	}
}
private Collection<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer> getCustomizers() {
if (this.customizers == null) {
// Look up does not include the parent context
this.customizers = new ArrayList<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer>(
		this.beanFactory
		//从容器中获取所有这葛类型的组件:EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer
		//定制Servlet容器,给容器中可以添加一个EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer类型的组件
		.getBeansOfType(EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer.class,
		false, false)
		.values());
		Collections.sort(this.customizers, AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.INSTANCE);
		this.customizers = Collections.unmodifiableList(this.customizers);
		}
		return this.customizers;
		}
ServerProperties也是定制器

步骤:
1)、SpringBoot根据导入的依赖情况,给容器中添加相应的
EmbeddedServletContainerFactory【TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory】
2)、容器中某个组件要创建对象就会惊动后置处理器;
EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor;
只要是嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂,后置处理器就工作;
3)、后置处理器,从容器中获取所有的EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer,调用定制器的定制方法

5)、嵌入式Servlet容器启动原理;
什么时候创建嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂?什么时候获取嵌入式的Servlet容器并启动Tomcat;
获取嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂:
1)、SpringBoot应用启动运行run方法
2)、refreshContext(context);SpringBoot刷新IOC容器【创建IOC容器对象,并初始化容器,创建容器中的每一
个组件】;如果是web应用创建AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext,否则:
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext
3)、refresh(context);刷新刚才创建好的ioc容器;

public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
// Prepare this context for refreshing.
	prepareRefresh();
	// Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
	ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();
	// Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
	prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);
	try {
		// Allows post‐processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
			postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
			// Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
			invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);
			// Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
			registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);
			// Initialize message source for this context.
			initMessageSource();
			// Initialize event multicaster for this context.
			initApplicationEventMulticaster();
			// Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
			onRefresh();
			// Check for listener beans and register them.
			registerListeners();
			// Instantiate all remaining (non‐lazy‐init) singletons.
			finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);
			// Last step: publish corresponding event.
			finishRefresh();
		}
		catch (BeansException ex) {
			if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
			logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization ‐ " +
			"cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);
			}
			// Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
			destroyBeans();
			// Reset 'active' flag.
			cancelRefresh(ex);
			// Propagate exception to caller.
			throw ex;
		}
		finally {
			// Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we
			// might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...
			resetCommonCaches();
		}
	}
}

4)、 onRefresh(); web的ioc容器重写了onRefresh方法

5)、webioc容器会创建嵌入式的Servlet容器;createEmbeddedServletContainer();
6)、获取嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂:

EmbeddedServletContainerFactory containerFactory = getEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
从ioc容器中获取EmbeddedServletContainerFactory 组件;TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory创建
对象,后置处理器一看是这个对象,就获取所有的定制器来先定制Servlet容器的相关配置;
7)、使用容器工厂获取嵌入式的Servlet容器:this.embeddedServletContainer = containerFactory
.getEmbeddedServletContainer(getSelfInitializer());
8)、嵌入式的Servlet容器创建对象并启动Servlet容器;
先启动嵌入式的Servlet容器,再将ioc容器中剩下没有创建出的对象获取出来;
IOC容器启动创建嵌入式的Servlet容器

9、使用外置的Servlet

嵌入式Servlet容器:应用打成可执行的jar
优点:简单、便携;
缺点:默认不支持JSP、优化定制比较复杂(使用定制器【ServerProperties、自定义
EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】,自己编写嵌入式Servlet容器的创建工厂
【EmbeddedServletContainerFactory】);

外置的Servlet容器:外面安装Tomcat---应用war包的方式打包;
步骤
1)、必须创建一个war项目;(利用idea创建好目录结构)
2)、将嵌入式的Tomcat指定为provided;

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐tomcat</artifactId>
    <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

3)、必须编写一个SpringBootServletInitializer的子类,并调用configure方法

public class ServletInitializer extends SpringBootServletInitializer {
	@Override
	protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) {
	//传入SpringBoot应用的主程序
		return application.sources(SpringBoot04WebJspApplication.class);
	}
}

4)、启动服务器就可以使用;
原理
jar包:执行SpringBoot主类的main方法,启动ioc容器,创建嵌入式的Servlet容器;
war包:启动服务器,服务器启动SpringBoot应用【SpringBootServletInitializer】,启动ioc容器;
servlet3.0(Spring注解版):
8.2.4 Shared libraries / runtimes pluggability:
规则:
1)、服务器启动(web应用启动)会创建当前web应用里面每一个jar包里面ServletContainerInitializer实例:
2)、ServletContainerInitializer的实现放在jar包的META-INF/services文件夹下,有一个名为
javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer的文件,内容就是ServletContainerInitializer的实现类的全类名
3)、还可以使用@HandlesTypes,在应用启动的时候加载我们感兴趣的类;

流程:
1)、启动Tomcat
2)、org\springframework\spring-web\4.3.14.RELEASE\spring-web-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar!\METAINF\services\javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer:
Spring的web模块里面有这个文件:org.springframework.web.SpringServletContainerInitializer
3)、SpringServletContainerInitializer将@HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class)标注的所有这个类型
的类都传入到onStartup方法的Set>;为这些WebApplicationInitializer类型的类创建实例;
4)、每一个WebApplicationInitializer都调用自己的onStartup;

5)、相当于我们的SpringBootServletInitializer的类会被创建对象,并执行onStartup方法

6)、SpringBootServletInitializer实例执行onStartup的时候会createRootApplicationContext;创建容器

protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext(
ServletContext servletContext) {
	//1、创建SpringApplicationBuilder
	SpringApplicationBuilder builder = createSpringApplicationBuilder();
	StandardServletEnvironment environment = new StandardServletEnvironment();
	environment.initPropertySources(servletContext, null);
	builder.environment(environment);
	builder.main(getClass());
	ApplicationContext parent = getExistingRootWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
	if (parent != null) {
		this.logger.info("Root context already created (using as parent).");
		servletContext.setAttribute(
		WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, null);
		builder.initializers(new ParentContextApplicationContextInitializer(parent));
	}
	builder.initializers(
		new ServletContextApplicationContextInitializer(servletContext));
		builder.contextClass(AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext.class);
		//调用configure方法,子类重写了这个方法,将SpringBoot的主程序类传入了进来
		builder = configure(builder);
		//使用builder创建一个Spring应用
		SpringApplication application = builder.build();
		if (application.getSources().isEmpty() && AnnotationUtils
		.findAnnotation(getClass(), Configuration.class) != null) {
		application.getSources().add(getClass());
	}
	Assert.state(!application.getSources().isEmpty(),
	"No SpringApplication sources have been defined. Either override the "
	+ "configure method or add an @Configuration annotation");
	// Ensure error pages are registered
	if (this.registerErrorPageFilter) {
		application.getSources().add(ErrorPageFilterConfiguration.class);
	}
	//启动Spring应用
	return run(application);
}

7)、Spring的应用就启动并且创建IOC容器

public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
		StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
		stopWatch.start();
		ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
		FailureAnalyzers analyzers = null;
		configureHeadlessProperty();
		SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
		listeners.starting();
try {
		ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(
				args);
				ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners,
				applicationArguments);
				Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
				context = createApplicationContext();
				analyzers = new FailureAnalyzers(context);
				prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,
				printedBanner);
				//刷新IOC容器
				refreshContext(context);
				afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
				listeners.finished(context, null);
				stopWatch.stop();
				if (this.logStartupInfo) {
				new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)
				.logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
				}
				return context;
			}
				catch (Throwable ex) {
				handleRunFailure(context, listeners, analyzers, ex);
				throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
				}
}

 

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