有三种情况，会以一个object的内容作为另一个class object的初值。
1.一个object做明确的初始化操作
class X;
X x;
X xx = x;
2.当object被当作参数交给某个函数时。
extern void foo(X x);
void bar()
{
X xx;
foo(xx);
}
3.当函数传回一个class object时。
X foo_bar()
{
X xx;
return xx;
}
Default Memberwise Initialization
当class object以“相同class的另一个object”作为初值时，其内部是以所谓的default memberwise initialization手法完成的，也就是把每一个内建的或派生的data member的值，从某个object拷贝一份到另一个object身上。不过它并不会拷贝其中的member class object，而是以递归的方式施行memberwise initialization。
“Default constructor和copy constructors在必要的时候才由编译器产生出来”
c++ standard 把copy constructor区分为trivial和nontrivial两种，只有nontrivial的实体才会被合成于程序之中。决定一个copy constructor是否为trivial的标准在于class是否展现出所谓的“bitwise copy semantics"
Bitwise Copy Semantics
举例：
class Word{
public:
Word(const char*);
~Word(){delete[] str;}
private:
int cnt;
char* str;
};
Word::Word(const char*){
}
int main(){
Word noun("book");
Word verb = noun;
return 0;
}
// 反汇编
objdump -dC test.o
test.o: file format elf32-i386
Disassembly of section .text:
00000000 <Word::Word(char const*)>:
0:
55
push %ebp
1:
89 e5
mov %esp,%ebp
3:
5d
pop %ebp
4:
c3
ret
00000005 <main>:
5:
55
push %ebp
6:
89 e5
mov %esp,%ebp
8:
83 e4 f0
and $0xfffffff0,%esp
b:
53
push %ebx
c:
83 ec 2c
sub $0x2c,%esp
f:
c7 44 24 04 00 00 00
movl $0x0,0x4(%esp)
16:
00
17:
8d 44 24 18
lea 0x18(%esp),%eax
1b:
89 04 24
mov %eax,(%esp)
1e:
e8 fc ff ff ff
call 1f <main+0x1a>
23:
8b 44 24 18
mov 0x18(%esp),%eax
27:
89 44 24 10
mov %eax,0x10(%esp)
2b:
8b 44 24 1c
mov 0x1c(%esp),%eax
2f:
89 44 24 14
mov %eax,0x14(%esp)
33:
bb 00 00 00 00
mov $0x0,%ebx
38:
8d 44 24 10
lea 0x10(%esp),%eax
3c:
89 04 24
mov %eax,(%esp)
3f:
e8 fc ff ff ff
call 40 <main+0x3b>
44:
8d 44 24 18
lea 0x18(%esp),%eax
48:
89 04 24
mov %eax,(%esp)
4b:
e8 fc ff ff ff
call 4c <main+0x47>
50:
89 d8
mov %ebx,%eax
52:
83 c4 2c
add $0x2c,%esp
55:
5b
pop %ebx
56:
89 ec
mov %ebp,%esp
58:
5d
pop %ebp
59:
c3
ret
Disassembly of section .text._ZN4WordD2Ev:
00000000 <Word::~Word()>:
0:
55
push %ebp
1:
89 e5
mov %esp,%ebp
3:
83 ec 18
sub $0x18,%esp
6:
8b 45 08
mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
9:
8b 40 04
mov 0x4(%eax),%eax
c:
85 c0
test %eax,%eax
e:
74 0e
je 1e <Word::~Word()+0x1e>
10:
8b 45 08
mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
13:
8b 40 04
mov 0x4(%eax),%eax
16:
89 04 24
mov %eax,(%esp)
19:
e8 fc ff ff ff
call 1a <Word::~Word()+0x1a>
1e:
c9
leave
1f:
c3
ret
不需要合成一个default copy constructor，因为上述声明展现了default copy semantics。
//举例
//test.cpp
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class Word{
public:
Word(const string& s);
~Word(){}
private:
int cnt;
string str;
};
Word::Word(const string& s){
}
int main(){
Word noun("book");
Word verb = noun;
return 0;
}
//objdump -dC test.o
编译器必须合成出一个copy constructor以便调用member class String object的copy constructor
test.o: file format elf32-i386
Disassembly of section .text:
00000000 <Word::Word(std::string const&)>:
0: 55 push %ebp
1: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp
3: 83 ec 18 sub $0x18,%esp
6: 8b 45 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
9: 83 c0 04 add $0x4,%eax
c: 89 04 24 mov %eax,(%esp)
f: e8 fc ff ff ff call 10 <Word::Word(std::string const&)+0x10>
14: c9 leave
15: c3 ret
00000016 <main>:
16: 55 push %ebp
17: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp
19: 83 e4 f0 and $0xfffffff0,%esp
1c: 53 push %ebx
1d: 83 ec 3c sub $0x3c,%esp
20: 8d 44 24 2f lea 0x2f(%esp),%eax
24: 89 04 24 mov %eax,(%esp)
27: e8 fc ff ff ff call 28 <main+0x12>
2c: 8d 44 24 2f lea 0x2f(%esp),%eax
30: 89 44 24 08 mov %eax,0x8(%esp)
34: c7 44 24 04 00 00 00 movl $0x0,0x4(%esp)
3b: 00
3c: 8d 44 24 28 lea 0x28(%esp),%eax
40: 89 04 24 mov %eax,(%esp)
43: e8 fc ff ff ff call 44 <main+0x2e>
48: 8d 44 24 28 lea 0x28(%esp),%eax
4c: 89 44 24 04 mov %eax,0x4(%esp)
50: 8d 44 24 20 lea 0x20(%esp),%eax
54: 89 04 24 mov %eax,(%esp)
57: e8 fc ff ff ff call 58 <main+0x42>
5c: 8d 44 24 28 lea 0x28(%esp),%eax
60: 89 04 24 mov %eax,(%esp)
63: e8 fc ff ff ff call 64 <main+0x4e>
68: 8d 44 24 2f lea 0x2f(%esp),%eax
6c: 89 04 24 mov %eax,(%esp)
6f: e8 fc ff ff ff call 70 <main+0x5a>
74: 8d 44 24 20 lea 0x20(%esp),%eax
78: 89 44 24 04 mov %eax,0x4(%esp)
7c: 8d 44 24 18 lea 0x18(%esp),%eax
80: 89 04 24 mov %eax,(%esp)
83: e8 fc ff ff ff call 84 <main+0x6e>
88: bb 00 00 00 00 mov $0x0,%ebx
8d: 8d 44 24 18 lea 0x18(%esp),%eax
91: 89 04 24 mov %eax,(%esp)
94: e8 fc ff ff ff call 95 <main+0x7f>
99: 8d 44 24 20 lea 0x20(%esp),%eax
9d: 89 04 24 mov %eax,(%esp)
a0: e8 fc ff ff ff call a1 <main+0x8b>
a5: 89 d8 mov %ebx,%eax
a7: 83 c4 3c add $0x3c,%esp
aa: 5b pop %ebx
ab: 89 ec mov %ebp,%esp
ad: 5d pop %ebp
ae: c3 ret
af: 89 c3 mov %eax,%ebx
b1: 8d 44 24 28 lea 0x28(%esp),%eax
b5: 89 04 24 mov %eax,(%esp)
b8: e8 fc ff ff ff call b9 <main+0xa3>
bd: eb 12 jmp d1 <main+0xbb>
bf: 89 c3 mov %eax,%ebx
c1: 8d 44 24 20 lea 0x20(%esp),%eax
c5: 89 04 24 mov %eax,(%esp)
c8: e8 fc ff ff ff call c9 <main+0xb3>
cd: eb 02 jmp d1 <main+0xbb>
cf: 89 c3 mov %eax,%ebx
d1: 8d 44 24 2f lea 0x2f(%esp),%eax
d5: 89 04 24 mov %eax,(%esp)
d8: e8 fc ff ff ff call d9 <main+0xc3>
dd: 89 d8 mov %ebx,%eax
df: 89 04 24 mov %eax,(%esp)
e2: e8 fc ff ff ff call e3 <main+0xcd>
e7: 89 c3 mov %eax,%ebx
e9: 8d 44 24 20 lea 0x20(%esp),%eax
ed: 89 04 24 mov %eax,(%esp)
f0: e8 fc ff ff ff call f1 <main+0xdb>
f5: 89 d8 mov %ebx,%eax
f7: 89 04 24 mov %eax,(%esp)
fa: e8 fc ff ff ff call fb <main+0xe5>
Disassembly of section .text._ZN4WordD2Ev:
00000000 <Word::~Word()>:
0: 55 push %ebp
1: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp
3: 83 ec 18 sub $0x18,%esp
6: 8b 45 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
9: 83 c0 04 add $0x4,%eax
c: 89 04 24 mov %eax,(%esp)
f: e8 fc ff ff ff call 10 <Word::~Word()+0x10>
14: c9 leave
15: c3 ret
Disassembly of section .text._ZN4WordC2ERKS_:
00000000 <Word::Word(Word const&)>:
0: 55 push %ebp
1: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp
3: 83 ec 18 sub $0x18,%esp
6: 8b 45 0c mov 0xc(%ebp),%eax
9: 8b 10 mov (%eax),%edx
b: 8b 45 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
e: 89 10 mov %edx,(%eax)
10: 8b 45 0c mov 0xc(%ebp),%eax
13: 8d 50 04 lea 0x4(%eax),%edx
16: 8b 45 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
19: 83 c0 04 add $0x4,%eax
1c: 89 54 24 04 mov %edx,0x4(%esp)
20: 89 04 24 mov %eax,(%esp)
23: e8 fc ff ff ff call 24 <Word::Word(Word const&)+0x24>
28: c9 leave
29: c3 ret
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
不要Bitwise copy Semantics的四种情况：
1.当class内含一个member object而后者的class声明有一个copy constructor时
2.当class继承自一个base class 而后者存在有一个copy constructor时。
3.当class 声明了一个活多个virtual functions时。
4.当class派生自一个继承串链，其中有一个或多个virtual base classes时。
重新设定virtual table的指针
举例
//test.cpp
class ZooAnimal{
public:
ZooAnimal();
virtual ~ZooAnimal();
virtual void animate();
virtual void draw();
};
ZooAnimal::ZooAnimal(){}
ZooAnimal::~ZooAnimal(){}
void ZooAnimal::animate(){}
void ZooAnimal::draw(){}
class Bear:public ZooAnimal{
public:
Bear();
void animate();
void draw();
virtual void dance();
};
Bear::Bear(){}
void Bear::animate(){}
void Bear::draw(){}
void Bear::dance(){}
int main(){
Bear yogi;
Bear winnie = yogi;
return 0;
}
反汇编
//objdump -dC test.o
08048504 <ZooAnimal::ZooAnimal()>:
8048504:
55
push %ebp
8048505:
89 e5
mov %esp,%ebp
8048507:
8b 45 08
mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
804850a:
c7 00 58 87 04 08
movl $0x8048758,(%eax)
8048510:
5d
pop %ebp
8048511:
c3
ret
08048512 <ZooAnimal::~ZooAnimal()>:
8048512:
55
push %ebp
8048513:
89 e5
mov %esp,%ebp
8048515:
83 ec 18
sub $0x18,%esp
8048518:
8b 45 08
mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
804851b:
c7 00 58 87 04 08
movl $0x8048758,(%eax)
8048521:
b8 00 00 00 00
mov $0x0,%eax
8048526:
83 e0 01
and $0x1,%eax
8048529:
84 c0
test %al,%al
804852b:
74 0b
je 8048538 <ZooAnimal::~ZooAnimal()+0x26>
804852d:
8b 45 08
mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
8048530:
89 04 24
mov %eax,(%esp)
8048533:
e8 f0 fe ff ff
call 8048428 <operator delete(void*)@plt>
8048538:
c9
leave
8048539:
c3
ret
0804853a <ZooAnimal::~ZooAnimal()>:
804853a:
55
push %ebp
804853b:
89 e5
mov %esp,%ebp
804853d:
83 ec 18
sub $0x18,%esp
8048540:
8b 45 08
mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
8048543:
89 04 24
mov %eax,(%esp)
8048546:
e8 c7 ff ff ff
call 8048512 <ZooAnimal::~ZooAnimal()>
804854b:
8b 45 08
mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
804854e:
89 04 24
mov %eax,(%esp)
8048551:
e8 d2 fe ff ff
call 8048428 <operator delete(void*)@plt>
8048556:
c9
leave
8048557:
c3
ret
08048558 <ZooAnimal::animate()>:
8048558:
55
push %ebp
8048559:
89 e5
mov %esp,%ebp
804855b:
5d
pop %ebp
804855c:
c3
ret
804855d:
90
nop
0804855e <ZooAnimal::draw()>:
804855e:
55
push %ebp
804855f:
89 e5
mov %esp,%ebp
8048561:
5d
pop %ebp
8048562:
c3
ret
8048563:
90
nop
08048564 <Bear::Bear()>:
8048564:
55
push %ebp
8048565:
89 e5
mov %esp,%ebp
8048567:
83 ec 04
sub $0x4,%esp
804856a:
8b 45 08
mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
804856d:
89 04 24
mov %eax,(%esp)
8048570:
e8 8f ff ff ff
call 8048504 <ZooAnimal::ZooAnimal()>
8048575:
8b 45 08
mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
8048578:
c7 00 38 87 04 08
movl $0x8048738,(%eax)
804857e:
c9
leave
804857f:
c3
ret
08048580 <Bear::animate()>:
8048580:
55
push %ebp
8048581:
89 e5
mov %esp,%ebp
8048583:
5d
pop %ebp
8048584:
c3
ret
8048585:
90
nop
08048586 <Bear::draw()>:
8048586:
55
push %ebp
8048587:
89 e5
mov %esp,%ebp
8048589:
5d
pop %ebp
804858a:
c3
ret
804858b:
90
nop
0804858c <Bear::dance()>:
804858c:
55
push %ebp
804858d:
89 e5
mov %esp,%ebp
804858f:
5d
pop %ebp
8048590:
c3
ret
08048591 <main>:
8048591:
55
push %ebp
8048592:
89 e5
mov %esp,%ebp
8048594:
83 e4 f0
and $0xfffffff0,%esp
8048597:
53
push %ebx
8048598:
83 ec 2c
sub $0x2c,%esp
804859b:
8d 44 24 1c
lea 0x1c(%esp),%eax
804859f:
89 04 24
mov %eax,(%esp)
80485a2:
e8 bd ff ff ff
call 8048564 <Bear::Bear()>
80485a7:
8d 44 24 1c
lea 0x1c(%esp),%eax
80485ab:
89 44 24 04
mov %eax,0x4(%esp)
80485af:
8d 44 24 18
lea 0x18(%esp),%eax
80485b3:
89 04 24
mov %eax,(%esp)
80485b6:
e8 87 00 00 00
call 8048642 <Bear::Bear(Bear const&)>
80485bb:
bb 00 00 00 00
mov $0x0,%ebx
80485c0:
8d 44 24 18
lea 0x18(%esp),%eax
80485c4:
89 04 24
mov %eax,(%esp)
80485c7:
e8 16 00 00 00
call 80485e2 <Bear::~Bear()>
80485cc:
8d 44 24 1c
lea 0x1c(%esp),%eax
80485d0:
89 04 24
mov %eax,(%esp)
80485d3:
e8 0a 00 00 00
call 80485e2 <Bear::~Bear()>
80485d8:
89 d8
mov %ebx,%eax
80485da:
83 c4 2c
add $0x2c,%esp
80485dd:
5b
pop %ebx
80485de:
89 ec
mov %ebp,%esp
80485e0:
5d
pop %ebp
80485e1:
c3
ret
080485e2 <Bear::~Bear()>:
80485e2:
55
push %ebp
80485e3:
89 e5
mov %esp,%ebp
80485e5:
83 ec 18
sub $0x18,%esp
80485e8:
8b 45 08
mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
80485eb:
c7 00 38 87 04 08
movl $0x8048738,(%eax)
80485f1:
8b 45 08
mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
80485f4:
89 04 24
mov %eax,(%esp)
80485f7:
e8 16 ff ff ff
call 8048512 <ZooAnimal::~ZooAnimal()>
80485fc:
b8 00 00 00 00
mov $0x0,%eax
8048601:
83 e0 01
and $0x1,%eax
8048604:
84 c0
test %al,%al
8048606:
74 0b
je 8048613 <Bear::~Bear()+0x31>
8048608:
8b 45 08
mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
804860b:
89 04 24
mov %eax,(%esp)
804860e:
e8 15 fe ff ff
call 8048428 <operator delete(void*)@plt>
8048613:
c9
leave
8048614:
c3
ret
8048615:
90
nop
08048616 <Bear::~Bear()>:
8048616:
55
push %ebp
8048617:
89 e5
mov %esp,%ebp
8048619:
83 ec 18
sub $0x18,%esp
804861c:
8b 45 08
mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
804861f:
89 04 24
mov %eax,(%esp)
8048622:
e8 bb ff ff ff
call 80485e2 <Bear::~Bear()>
8048627:
8b 45 08
mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
804862a:
89 04 24
mov %eax,(%esp)
804862d:
e8 f6 fd ff ff
call 8048428 <operator delete(void*)@plt>
8048632:
c9
leave
8048633:
c3
ret
08048634 <ZooAnimal::ZooAnimal(ZooAnimal const&)>:
8048634:
55
push %ebp
8048635:
89 e5
mov %esp,%ebp
8048637:
8b 45 08
mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
804863a:
c7 00 58 87 04 08
movl $0x8048758,(%eax)
8048640:
5d
pop %ebp
8048641:
c3
ret
08048642 <Bear::Bear(Bear const&)>:
8048642:
55
push %ebp
8048643:
89 e5
mov %esp,%ebp
8048645:
83 ec 18
sub $0x18,%esp
8048648:
8b 55 0c
mov 0xc(%ebp),%edx
804864b:
8b 45 08
mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
804864e:
89 54 24 04
mov %edx,0x4(%esp)
8048652:
89 04 24
mov %eax,(%esp)
8048655:
e8 da ff ff ff
call 8048634 <ZooAnimal::ZooAnimal(ZooAnimal const&)>
804865a:
8b 45 08
mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
804865d:
c7 00 38 87 04 08
movl $0x8048738,(%eax)
8048663:
c9
leave
8048664:
c3
ret
8048665:
90
nop
8048666:
90
nop
8048667:
90
nop
8048668:
90
nop
8048669:
90
nop
804866a:
90
nop
804866b:
90
nop
804866c:
90
nop
804866d:
90
nop
804866e:
90
nop
804866f:
90
nop
// 构建了 ZooAnimal和Bear的复制构造函数。
当发生切割时
举例
//test.cpp
#include"animal.h"
int main(){
Bear yogi;
ZooAnimal franny = yogi;
return 0;
}
//animal.cpp
#include"animal.h"
ZooAnimal::ZooAnimal(){}
ZooAnimal::~ZooAnimal(){}
void ZooAnimal::animate(){}
void ZooAnimal::draw(){}
Bear::Bear(){}
void Bear::animate(){}
void Bear::draw(){}
void Bear::dance(){}
//animal.h
class ZooAnimal{
public:
ZooAnimal();
virtual ~ZooAnimal();
virtual void animate();
virtual void draw();
};
class Bear:public ZooAnimal{
public:
Bear();
void animate();
void draw();
virtual void dance();
};
//反汇编
objdump -dC test.o
test.o: file format elf32-i386
Disassembly of section .text:
00000000 <main>:
0: 55 push %ebp
1: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp
3: 83 e4 f0 and $0xfffffff0,%esp
6: 53 push %ebx
7: 83 ec 2c sub $0x2c,%esp
a: 8d 44 24 1c lea 0x1c(%esp),%eax
e: 89 04 24 mov %eax,(%esp)
11: e8 fc ff ff ff call 12 <main+0x12>
16: 8d 44 24 1c lea 0x1c(%esp),%eax
1a: 89 44 24 04 mov %eax,0x4(%esp)
1e: 8d 44 24 18 lea 0x18(%esp),%eax
22: 89 04 24 mov %eax,(%esp)
25: e8 fc ff ff ff call 26 <main+0x26>
2a: bb 00 00 00 00 mov $0x0,%ebx
2f: 8d 44 24 18 lea 0x18(%esp),%eax
33: 89 04 24 mov %eax,(%esp)
36: e8 fc ff ff ff call 37 <main+0x37>
3b: 8d 44 24 1c lea 0x1c(%esp),%eax
3f: 89 04 24 mov %eax,(%esp)
42: e8 fc ff ff ff call 43 <main+0x43>
47: 89 d8 mov %ebx,%eax
49: 83 c4 2c add $0x2c,%esp
4c: 5b pop %ebx
4d: 89 ec mov %ebp,%esp
4f: 5d pop %ebp
50: c3 ret
51: 89 c3 mov %eax,%ebx
53: 8d 44 24 1c lea 0x1c(%esp),%eax
57: 89 04 24 mov %eax,(%esp)
5a: e8 fc ff ff ff call 5b <main+0x5b>
5f: 89 d8 mov %ebx,%eax
61: 89 04 24 mov %eax,(%esp)
64: e8 fc ff ff ff call 65 <main+0x65>
Disassembly of section .text._ZN4BearD2Ev:
00000000 <Bear::~Bear()>:
0: 55 push %ebp
1: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp
3: 83 ec 18 sub $0x18,%esp
6: 8b 45 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
9: c7 00 08 00 00 00 movl $0x8,(%eax)
f: 8b 45 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
12: 89 04 24 mov %eax,(%esp)
15: e8 fc ff ff ff call 16 <Bear::~Bear()+0x16>
1a: b8 00 00 00 00 mov $0x0,%eax
1f: 83 e0 01 and $0x1,%eax
22: 84 c0 test %al,%al
24: 74 0b je 31 <Bear::~Bear()+0x31>
26: 8b 45 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
29: 89 04 24 mov %eax,(%esp)
2c: e8 fc ff ff ff call 2d <Bear::~Bear()+0x2d>
31: c9 leave
32: c3 ret
Disassembly of section .text._ZN4BearD0Ev:
00000000 <Bear::~Bear()>:
0: 55 push %ebp
1: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp
3: 83 ec 18 sub $0x18,%esp
6: 8b 45 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
9: 89 04 24 mov %eax,(%esp)
c: e8 fc ff ff ff call d <Bear::~Bear()+0xd>
11: 8b 45 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
14: 89 04 24 mov %eax,(%esp)
17: e8 fc ff ff ff call 18 <Bear::~Bear()+0x18>
1c: c9 leave
1d: c3 ret
Disassembly of section .text._ZN9ZooAnimalC2ERKS_:
00000000 <ZooAnimal::ZooAnimal(ZooAnimal const&)>:
0: 55 push %ebp
1: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp
3: 8b 45 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
6: c7 00 08 00 00 00 movl $0x8,(%eax)
c: 5d pop %ebp
d: c3 ret
// 反汇编objdump -dC animal.o
animal.o: file format elf32-i386
Disassembly of section .text:
00000000 <ZooAnimal::ZooAnimal()>:
0:
55
push %ebp
1:
89 e5
mov %esp,%ebp
3:
8b 45 08
mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
6:
c7 00 08 00 00 00
movl $0x8,(%eax)
c:
5d
pop %ebp
d:
c3
ret
0000000e <ZooAnimal::~ZooAnimal()>:
e:
55
push %ebp
f:
89 e5
mov %esp,%ebp
11:
83 ec 18
sub $0x18,%esp
14:
8b 45 08
mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
17:
c7 00 08 00 00 00
movl $0x8,(%eax)
1d:
b8 00 00 00 00
mov $0x0,%eax
22:
83 e0 01
and $0x1,%eax
25:
84 c0
test %al,%al
27:
74 0b
je 34 <ZooAnimal::~ZooAnimal()+0x26>
29:
8b 45 08
mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
2c:
89 04 24
mov %eax,(%esp)
2f:
e8 fc ff ff ff
call 30 <ZooAnimal::~ZooAnimal()+0x22>
34:
c9
leave
35:
c3
ret
00000036 <ZooAnimal::~ZooAnimal()>:
36:
55
push %ebp
37:
89 e5
mov %esp,%ebp
39:
83 ec 18
sub $0x18,%esp
3c:
8b 45 08
mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
3f:
89 04 24
mov %eax,(%esp)
42:
e8 fc ff ff ff
call 43 <ZooAnimal::~ZooAnimal()+0xd>
47:
8b 45 08
mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
4a:
89 04 24
mov %eax,(%esp)
4d:
e8 fc ff ff ff
call 4e <ZooAnimal::~ZooAnimal()+0x18>
52:
c9
leave
53:
c3
ret
00000054 <ZooAnimal::animate()>:
54:
55
push %ebp
55:
89 e5
mov %esp,%ebp
57:
5d
pop %ebp
58:
c3
ret
59:
90
nop
0000005a <ZooAnimal::draw()>:
5a:
55
push %ebp
5b:
89 e5
mov %esp,%ebp
5d:
5d
pop %ebp
5e:
c3
ret
5f:
90
nop
00000060 <Bear::Bear()>:
60:
55
push %ebp
61:
89 e5
mov %esp,%ebp
63:
83 ec 04
sub $0x4,%esp
66:
8b 45 08
mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
69:
89 04 24
mov %eax,(%esp)
6c:
e8 fc ff ff ff
call 6d <Bear::Bear()+0xd>
71:
8b 45 08
mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
74:
c7 00 08 00 00 00
movl $0x8,(%eax)
7a:
c9
leave
7b:
c3
ret
0000007c <Bear::animate()>:
7c:
55
push %ebp
7d:
89 e5
mov %esp,%ebp
7f:
5d
pop %ebp
80:
c3
ret
81:
90
nop
00000082 <Bear::draw()>:
82:
55
push %ebp
83:
89 e5
mov %esp,%ebp
85:
5d
pop %ebp
86:
c3
ret
87:
90
nop
00000088 <Bear::dance()>:
88:
55
push %ebp
89:
89 e5
mov %esp,%ebp
8b:
5d
pop %ebp
8c:
c3
ret
Disassembly of section .text._ZN4BearD2Ev:
00000000 <Bear::~Bear()>:
0:
55
push %ebp
1:
89 e5
mov %esp,%ebp
3:
83 ec 18
sub $0x18,%esp
6:
8b 45 08
mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
9:
c7 00 08 00 00 00
movl $0x8,(%eax)
f:
8b 45 08
mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
12:
89 04 24
mov %eax,(%esp)
15:
e8 fc ff ff ff
call 16 <Bear::~Bear()+0x16>
1a:
b8 00 00 00 00
mov $0x0,%eax
1f:
83 e0 01
and $0x1,%eax
22:
84 c0
test %al,%al
24:
74 0b
je 31 <Bear::~Bear()+0x31>
26:
8b 45 08
mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
29:
89 04 24
mov %eax,(%esp)
2c:
e8 fc ff ff ff
call 2d <Bear::~Bear()+0x2d>
31:
c9
leave
32:
c3
ret
Disassembly of section .text._ZN4BearD0Ev:
00000000 <Bear::~Bear()>:
0:
55
push %ebp
1:
89 e5
mov %esp,%ebp
3:
83 ec 18
sub $0x18,%esp
6:
8b 45 08
mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
9:
89 04 24
mov %eax,(%esp)
c:
e8 fc ff ff ff
call d <Bear::~Bear()+0xd>
11:
8b 45 08
mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
14:
89 04 24
mov %eax,(%esp)
17:
e8 fc ff ff ff
call 18 <Bear::~Bear()+0x18>
1c:
c9
leave
1d:
c3
ret
//编译器只产生了ZooAnimal的copy constructor。
//编译器在需要constructor的每个目标文件中产生此constructor副本。
处理virtual base class subobject
一个class object如果以另一个object作为初值，而后者有一个virtual base class subobject，那么也会使"bitwise copy semantics"失效。
编译器，必须让“derived class object中的virtual base class subobject位置”在执行期准备妥当。“bitwise copy constructor"可能会破坏这个位置，所以编译器必须在它自己合成出来的copy constructor中做出裁决。
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