【Shell脚本基础系列-4】函数的使用

目录

1. 入门
2. if-else分支和for/while循环
3. 环境变量
4. 函数的使用
5. 文件读写操作
6. 睡眠
7. 进程状态监测
8. 用户交互

函数

基本的使用方式

Avoid duplicating code in our scripts

#!/usr/bin/env bash

# 1st way to define a function
function Hello() {
    local LNAME=$1
    echo "Hello $LNAME"
    # or simply:
    echo "Hello $1"
}

# 2nd way, emitting the word "function"
Goodbye() {
    echo "Goodbye"
}

# Calling the functions after defining them
Hello Bob       # No parenthesis when calling the function
                # Bob is the first parameter passed to the function
Goodbye     # They are invoked by their name like other linux command

exit 0

Pipes的使用

Pipes let us take the output of one program and feed it to the input of another.
Exceptionally sophiscated programs can be created simply by piping commands together.

#!/usr/bin/env bash

FILES=`ls -1 | sort -r | head -3`
# ls -1: runs the ls command and limits the columns to one
# sort -r: reverse the sort order
# head -3: take the first three results

COUNT=1

for FILE in $FILES
do
    echo "File #$COUNT = $FILE"
    ((COUNT++))
done

exit 0

实例

Get first 10 files in alphabetical order in the current directory and print their names.

#!/usr/bin/env bash

function GetFiles() {
    FILES=`ls -1 | sort | head -10`
}

function ShowFiles() {
    local COUNT=1
    for FILE in $@
    do
        echo "FILE #$COUNT = $FILE"
        ((COUNT++))
    done
}

GetFiles
ShowFiles $FILES

exit 0

References

LinkedIn Learning: https://www.linkedin.com/learning/learning-linux-shell-scripting-2018