C#实现串口通讯

        .NET提供了SerialPort类进行串口通信。

串口主要有以下几个参数： 

1.串口名称（PortName） 

2.波特率（BaudRate）

3.数据位（DataBits）

4.奇偶效应（Parity） 

5.停止位（StopBits）

        使用很简单,连我这个.NET新手也能很快上手.以下是从网上找到并自己修改后的参考代码:

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1. using System;  
2. using System.Collections.Generic;  
3. using System.Linq;  
4. using System.Text;  
5. using System.Windows;  
6. using System.Windows.Controls;  
7. using System.Windows.Data;  
8. using System.Windows.Documents;  
9. using System.Windows.Input;  
10. using System.Windows.Media;  
11. using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;  
12. using System.Windows.Navigation;  
13. using System.Windows.Shapes;  
14. using System.IO.Ports;  
15.   
16. namespace CsharpComm  
17.   {  
18.       /// <summary>  
19.  /// Window1.xaml 的交互逻辑  
20.  /// </summary>  
21.       public partial class Window1 : Window  
22.       {  
23.           public Window1()  
24.           {  
25.               InitializeComponent();  
26.           }  
27.     
28.           //定义 SerialPort对象  
29.           SerialPort port1;  
30.     
31.           //初始化SerialPort对象方法.PortName为COM口名称,例如"COM1","COM2"等,注意是string类型  
32.           public void InitCOM(string PortName)  
33.           {  
34.               port1 = new SerialPort(PortName);  
35.               port1.BaudRate = 9600;//波特率  
36.               port1.Parity  = Parity.None;//无奇偶校验位  
37.               port1.StopBits = StopBits.Two;//两个停止位  
38.               port1.Handshake = Handshake.RequestToSend;//控制协议  
39.               port1.ReceivedBytesThreshold = 4;//设置 DataReceived 事件发生前内部输入缓冲区中的字节数  
40.               port1.DataReceived += new SerialDataReceivedEventHandler(port1_DataReceived);//DataReceived事件委托  
41.           }  
42.     
43.           //DataReceived事件委托方法  
44.           private void port1_DataReceived(object sender, SerialDataReceivedEventArgs e)  
45.           {  
46.               try  
47.               {  
48.                   StringBuilder currentline = new StringBuilder();  
49.                   //循环接收数据  
50.                   while (port1.BytesToRead > 0)  
51.                   {  
52.                      char ch = (char)port1.ReadByte();  
53.                       currentline.Append(ch);  
54.                   }  
55.                   //在这里对接收到的数据进行处理  
56.                   //  
57.                   currentline = new StringBuilder();  
58.               }  
59.               catch(Exception ex)  
60.               {  
61.                   Console.WriteLine(ex.Message.ToString());  
62.               }  
63.     
64.           }  
65.     
66.           //打开串口的方法  
67.           public void OpenPort()  
68.           {  
69.               try  
70.               {  
71.                   port1.Open();  
72.               }  
73.               catch { }  
74.               if (port1.IsOpen)  
75.               {  
76.                  Console.WriteLine("the port is opened!");  
77.              }  
78.              else  
79.              {  
80.                  Console.WriteLine("failure to open the port!");  
81.              }  
82.          }  
83.    
84.          //关闭串口的方法  
85.          public void ClosePort()  
86.          {  
87.              port1.Close();  
88.              if (!port1.IsOpen)  
89.              {  
90.                  Console.WriteLine("the port is already closed!");  
91.              }  
92.          }  
93.    
94.          //向串口发送数据  
95.          public void SendCommand(string CommandString)  
96.          {  
97.              byte[] WriteBuffer = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(CommandString);  
98.              port1.Write(WriteBuffer, 0, WriteBuffer.Length);  
99.          }  
100.            
101.          //调用实例  
102.          private void btnOpen_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)  
103.          {  
104.              //我现在用的COM1端口,按需要可改成COM2,COM3  
105.              InitCOM("COM1");  
106.              OpenPort();  
107.          }  
108.      }  
109.  }    

        值得注意的是:

1. port1.ReceivedBytesThreshold = 4; ReceivedBytesThreshold属性设置触发一次DataReceived事件时将接收到的数据字节数.由于我的硬件是一次发上来4个字节估设置为4.如果不能正确设置这个属性的话,在SerialPort对象第一次触发DataReceived事件时还是正确的(4个字节),但是从第二次触发之后都是一个字节触发一次DataReceived事件...为什么这样搞不清楚...

2.如果在 DataReceived 委托事件中使用了不是DataReceived委托事件所在线程创建的UI控件,函数等,需要使用到Dispatcher 类来达到线程安全,不然会报错.以下是MSDN中Dispatcher类的例子(XAML),简单明了:

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1. private delegate void AddTextDelegate(Panel p, String text);  
2.    
3.  private void AddText(Panel p, String text)  
4.  {  
5.      p.Children.Clear();  
6.      p.Children.Add(new TextBlock { Text = text });  
7.  }  
8.    
9.  private void TestBeginInvokeWithParameters(Panel p)  
10.  {  
11.      if (p.Dispatcher.CheckAccess()) AddText(p, "Added directly.");  
12.      else p.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(  
13.          new AddTextDelegate(AddText), p, "Added by Dispatcher.");  
14.  }  

        还有一个比较简单的方法。

[csharp]  view plain  copy

1.   //create a serialport object,with COM1,baudrate 57600,parity bit:none,data bit:8  
2.             //stopbits:one  
3. SerialPort sport = new SerialPort("COM1",57600,Parity.None,8,StopBits.One);        
4.  private void seriallistenfun()  
5.         {  
6.  try  
7.             {  
8.                       
9.                     if (sport.IsOpen)  
10.                     {  
11.                         sport.Close();  
12.                         sport.Open(); //open com  
13.                     }  
14.                     else  
15.                     {  
16.                         sport.Open();//open com  
17.                     }  
18.   
19.                     String data;  
20.                     string path = Path.GetDirectoryName(System.Reflection.Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetName().CodeBase); //得到当前路径  
21.                     path = path+@"/newfile.txt";  
22.                     FileStream TextFile = File.Open(path, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write,FileShare.Read);//创建文件  
23. 　                  byte [] Info ;  
24. 　                    
25.                       
26.                     while (true)  
27.                     {  
28.   
29.   
30.                         if (sport.BytesToRead != 0)  
31.                         {  
32.                             data = sport.ReadExisting().ToString();//读取串口数据  
33.                             this.BeginInvoke(dfun, new object[] { data });  
34.                             data += "/r/n";  
35.                             Info = new UTF8Encoding(true).GetBytes(data);//转换成字节流  
36.                               
37.                             TextFile.Write(Info,0,Info.Length);//写入文件  
38.                             Thread.Sleep(10);  
39.                         }  
40.                         else  
41.                         {  
42.                             //this.BeginInvoke(dfun, new object[] { "Serialrev:NULL" });  
43.                             Thread.Sleep(50);  
44.                         }  
45.                     }  
46.             }  
47.             catch(SystemException e)  
48.             {  
49.                 this.BeginInvoke(dfun, new object[] { e.ToString() });  
50.             }  
51.