Android Junit基础知识

  http://blog.chinaunix.net/u/20947/showart_1950609.html

如果想在android里面做单元测试，有以下三种方法可行。

第一，  就是java程序员最为熟悉和常用的JUnit, android sdk如果用JUnit的话，我们需要在运行单元测试时，一定要 用JDK来运行，利用java命令来启动JUnit的某个Runner。如果是用Eclipse的话，可以在Run Configuration里新建一个JUnit。但是一定要记得在Classpath选项卡里将Bootstrap Entries中的Android Library改成JRE，并且添加junit.jar。具体的设置可以参考：http://developer.android.com/guide/appendix/faq/troubleshooting.html#addjunit。 而且，更为遗憾的是，这种方法运行的JUnit运行在JDK之上的，而不是android，所以，只能测试一些和android无关的东西，比如业务逻辑，数据封装，数值计算等等。并不能测试android api

第二，  采用Instrumentation. Android单元测试的主入口是InstrumentationTestRunner。它相当于JUnit当中TestRunner的作用。你可以将Instrumentation理解为一种没有图形界面的，具有启动能力的，用于监控其他类（用Target Package声明）的工具类。任何想成为Instrumentation的类必须继承android.app.Instrumentation。

第三，利用android提供的androidTestCase,通过继承这个类来实现自己的test case,然后自己为test设计UI，该方法具体用法放在了另外一篇博客中，可以点击下面的链接阅读：

 

下面通过一个实例来看一下如何通过Instrumentation来做单元测试。

Step 1. 首先编写需要测试的activity:

de>package com.android.ut; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; public class AndroidUT extends Activity {     /** Called when the activity is first created. */     @Override     public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);         setContentView(R.layout.main);     }          public int add(int a, int b)     {         return a + b;     } } de>

Step 2. 

接下来编写测试类，其中主要来测试add()方法。我们在当前代码目录下，在新建一个文件夹，命名为test，并在里面新建了包com.android.ut.test。然后往里面新增加一个class.具体如下：

de>package com.android.ut.test; import com.android.ut.AndroidUT; import android.test.ActivityInstrumentationTestCase; public class TestApp extends ActivityInstrumentationTestCase<AndroidUT> {          public TestApp()     {         super("com.android.ut", AndroidUT.class);     }          public void testSum()     {         assertEquals(5, getActivity().add(2, 3));     }      } de>

Step 3.最后一步就是要改一下Manifest文件。

de><?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"       package="com.android.ut"       android:versionCode="1"       android:versionName="1.0.0">     <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">         <activity android:name=".AndroidUT"                   android:label="@string/app_name">             <intent-filter>                 <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />                 <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />             </intent-filter>         </activity>     <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" />     </application>     <instrumentation android:targetPackage="com.android.ut" android:name="android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner" android:label="Test Unit Tests"></instrumentation> </manifest> de>

需要注意的是，在这里面我加上了：

    <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" />

以及：

<instrumentation android:targetPackage="com.android.ut" android:name="android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner" android:label="Test Unit Tests"></instrumentation>

 

Step 4. 运行

首先通过模拟器运行一下AndroidUT，然后在命令行终端中运行

 adb shell am instrument -e class com.android.ut.test.TestApp -w com.android.ut/android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner

这样你就可以看到测试结果了。

通过AndroidTestCase来进行android 单元测试 part I

在以前的博客中介绍过了如何用intrumentation进行android单元测试，其实还有一种方法同样可以，那就是利用AndroidTestCase来做单元测试，intrumentationTestCase和AndroidTestCase都是Junit.framwork.TestCase的子类，二者代表不用的方向。

 

如果想通过AndroidTestCase，大致可以通过以下几个步骤实现：

1.       添加自己的test case code, 让他们继承自AndroidTestCase。

2.       定义自己的testSuite类，用来管理test cases.

3.       定义自己的testRunner，用来执行测试

下面首先来看一下这种方法所涉及到的android的类以及接口。

AndroidTestCase

Android test cases classes需要从这个类派生出来，而不再是从junit.framework.TestCase. 二者之间的最主要区别就是Android test cases提供了一个方法getContext()来获取当前的上下文变量，这在android测试中很重要的，因为很多的android api都需要context。

AndroidTestCase主要成员：

setUp() //Sets up the fixture, for example, open a network connection.

tearDown() //Tears down the fixture, for example, close a network connection.

testAndroidTestCaseSetupProperly()

TestSuite (in package junit.package)

一个de>TestSuitede>de>就是一系列de>de>test casede>de>的集合。通过de>de>testsuitede>de>可以更好的来管理de>de>test casede>

 

TestSuite主要成员:

  Void addTest (Test test) //Adds a test to the suite.

void addTestSuite(Class testClass) //Adds the tests from the given class to the suite

下面是一小段往test suite中添加test case的示例：

 TestSuite suite= new TestSuite();

 suite.addTest(new MathTest("testAdd")); //Adds a test to the suite.

 suite.addTest(new MathTest("testDivideByZero"));

或者可以通过addTestSuite()来添加：

suite.addTestSuite(MathTest.class); 

TestListener (in package junit.framework)

 

这是一个 interface ，用来监听测试进程

有以下4个Public Methods :

abstract void addError(Test test,Throwable t)

An error occurred.

abstract void addFailure(Test test,AssertionFailedError t)

A failure occurred.

abstract void endTest(Test test)

A test ended.

abstract void startTest(Test test)

A test started.

AndroidTestRunner

继承自class junit.runner.BaseTestRunner，但是它没有提供ui, 甚至来一个基于console的UI都没有，所以，如果想要很好的查看测试结果的话，你需要自己来处理来自于test runner的callback 函数。一会可以通过例子演示一下

AndroidTestRunner主要方法：

SetTest();

runTest()

addTestListener()

setContext()

如果要使用AndroidTestRunner，需要在permission in manifest.xml中添加权限：

<uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" />

最后，通过一个实例来演示一下：

1.       写一个test case:

MathTest.java

de>package com.ut.prac;   import android.test.AndroidTestCase; import android.util.Log; public class MathTest extends AndroidTestCase {     protected int i1;     protected int i2;     static final String LOG_TAG = "MathTest";     public void setUp() {         i1 = 2;         i2 = 3;     }     public void testAdd() {         Log.d( LOG_TAG, "testAdd" );         assertTrue( LOG_TAG+"1", ( ( i1 + i2 ) == 5 ) );     }     public void testAndroidTestCaseSetupProperly() {         super.testAndroidTestCaseSetupProperly();         Log.d( LOG_TAG, "testAndroidTestCaseSetupProperly" );     } }de>

2.  定义一个test suite类。

ExampleSuite.java

de>package com.ut.prac; import junit.framework.TestSuite; public class ExampleSuite extends TestSuite {     public ExampleSuite() {         addTestSuite( MathTest.class );     } }de> 3.  定义test runner,以及构建UI来处理测试流程，查看测试结果等。 MyJUnitExample.java de>package com.ut.prac; import junit.framework.Test; import junit.framework.TestListener; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.test.AndroidTestRunner; import android.util.Log; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.TextView; import android.widget.Toast; public class MyJUnitExample extends Activity {     static final String LOG_TAG = "junit";     Thread testRunnerThread = null;     /** Called when the activity is first created. */     @Override     public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);         setContentView(R.layout.main);         Button launcherButton = (Button)findViewById( R.id.launch_button );         launcherButton.setOnClickListener( new View.OnClickListener() {             public void onClick( View view ) {                 startTest();             }         } ); }          private synchronized void startTest() {         if( ( testRunnerThread != null ) &&             !testRunnerThread.isAlive() )             testRunnerThread = null;         if( testRunnerThread == null ) {             testRunnerThread = new Thread( new TestRunner( this ) );             testRunnerThread.start();         } else             Toast.makeText(                         this,                         "Test is still running",                         Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();     } } class TestDisplay implements Runnable {         public enum displayEvent {             START_TEST,             END_TEST,             ERROR,             FAILURE,         }         displayEvent ev;         String testName;         int testCounter;         int errorCounter;         int failureCounter;         TextView statusText;         TextView testCounterText;         TextView errorCounterText;         TextView failureCounterText;         public TestDisplay( displayEvent ev,                         String testName,                         int testCounter,                         int errorCounter,                         int failureCounter,                         TextView statusText,                         TextView testCounterText,                         TextView errorCounterText,                         TextView failureCounterText ) {             this.ev = ev;             this.testName = testName;             this.testCounter = testCounter;             this.errorCounter = errorCounter;             this.failureCounter = failureCounter;             this.statusText = statusText;             this.testCounterText = testCounterText;             this.errorCounterText = errorCounterText;             this.failureCounterText = failureCounterText;         }         public void run() {             StringBuffer status = new StringBuffer();             switch( ev ) {                 case START_TEST:                     status.append( "Starting" );                     break;                 case END_TEST:                     status.append( "Ending" );                     break;                 case ERROR:                     status.append( "Error: " );                     break;                 case FAILURE:                     status.append( "Failure: " );                     break;                              }             status.append( ": " );             status.append( testName );             statusText.setText( new String( status ) );             testCounterText.setText( "Tests: "+testCounter );             errorCounterText.setText( "Errors: "+errorCounter );             failureCounterText.setText( "Failure: "+failureCounter );         } } class TestRunner implements Runnable,TestListener {         static final String LOG_TAG = "TestRunner";         int testCounter;         int errorCounter;         int failureCounter;         TextView statusText;         TextView testCounterText;         TextView errorCounterText;         TextView failureCounterText;         Activity parentActivity;         public TestRunner( Activity parentActivity ) {             this.parentActivity = parentActivity;         }         public void run() {             testCounter = 0;             errorCounter = 0;             failureCounter = 0;             statusText = (TextView)parentActivity.                                     findViewById( R.id.status );             testCounterText = (TextView)parentActivity.                                     findViewById( R.id.testCounter );             errorCounterText = (TextView)parentActivity.                                     findViewById( R.id.errorCounter );             failureCounterText = (TextView)parentActivity.                                     findViewById( R.id.failureCounter );             Log.d( LOG_TAG, "Test started" );             AndroidTestRunner testRunner = new AndroidTestRunner();             testRunner.setTest( new ExampleSuite() );             testRunner.addTestListener( this );             testRunner.setContext( parentActivity );             testRunner.runTest();             Log.d( LOG_TAG, "Test ended" );         } // TestListener         public void addError(Test test, Throwable t) {             Log.d( LOG_TAG, "addError: "+test.getClass().getName() );             Log.d( LOG_TAG, t.getMessage(), t );             ++errorCounter;             TestDisplay td = new TestDisplay(                     TestDisplay.displayEvent.ERROR,                     test.getClass().getName(),                     testCounter,                     errorCounter,                     failureCounter,                     statusText,                     testCounterText,                     errorCounterText,                     failureCounterText );             parentActivity.runOnUiThread( td );         }         public void endTest(Test test) {             Log.d( LOG_TAG, "endTest: "+test.getClass().getName() );             TestDisplay td = new TestDisplay(                     TestDisplay.displayEvent.END_TEST,                     test.getClass().getName(),                     testCounter,                     errorCounter,                     failureCounter,                     statusText,                     testCounterText,                     errorCounterText,                     failureCounterText );             parentActivity.runOnUiThread( td );         }         public void startTest(Test test) {             Log.d( LOG_TAG, "startTest: "+test.getClass().getName() );             ++testCounter;             TestDisplay td = new TestDisplay(                     TestDisplay.displayEvent.START_TEST,                     test.getClass().getName(),                     testCounter,                     errorCounter,                     failureCounter,                     statusText,                     testCounterText,                     errorCounterText,                     failureCounterText );             parentActivity.runOnUiThread( td );         }         @Override         public void addFailure(Test test, junit.framework.AssertionFailedError t) {             // TODO Auto-generated method stub             Log.d( LOG_TAG, "addFailure: "+test.getClass().getName() );             Log.d( LOG_TAG, t.getMessage(), t );             ++failureCounter;             TestDisplay td = new TestDisplay(                     TestDisplay.displayEvent.FAILURE,                     test.getClass().getName(),                     testCounter,                     errorCounter,                     failureCounter,                     statusText,                     testCounterText,                     errorCounterText,                     failureCounterText );             parentActivity.runOnUiThread( td );         } } de> 4.       最后是xml文件 Manifest.xml de><?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"       package="com.ut.prac"       android:versionCode="1"       android:versionName="1.0">   <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS" />   <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS" />     <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">     <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" />         <activity android:name=".MyJUnitExample"                   android:label="@string/app_name">             <intent-filter>                 <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />                 <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />             </intent-filter>         </activity>     </application>     <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="3" /> </manifest> de> Mail.xml de><?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent"> <Button android:id="@+id/launch_button" android:text="@string/launch_test" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/status" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/testCounter" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/errorCounter" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/failureCounter" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="" /> </LinearLayout> de>