Android权限分类及保护级别

Android权限分类及保护级别

1、正常类（属于安装时）--------下表中自己查询后标记：灰白色背景--------防护等级：正常normal（防护等级：又称保护级别），见https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/permissions/overview#install-time，只需在AndroidManifest.xml中显式的声明（或在IDE中勾选），它不会在运行时被自动拉起或被你的代码动态拉起。

2、特殊类（属于安装时）--------下表中自己查询后标记：紫色背景--------防护等级：签名signature（防护等级：又称保护级别），它会被你的代码动态拉起。其下包含子等级签名|特权|开发，|特权|开发：只有平台和原始设备制造商 (OEM) 可以定义特殊权限。此外，如果平台和 OEM 想要防止有人执行功能特别强大的操作（例如通过其他应用绘图），通常会定义特殊权限--------防护等级：应用操作appop。

3、运行时类（又称“危险类”，属于运行时）-------下表中自己查询后标记：-黄色背景--------防护等级：危险dangerous（防护等级：又称保护级别），必须在AndroidManifest.xml中显式的声明，并在App中需要使用的代码位置动态调用权限申请。App在首次安装或运行时，这些权限会被自动拉起，之后必须在需要的时机被代码再次动态调用以让机主确认。见https://developer.android.com/training/permissions/requesting

上述是关键，下面这个清单，你具体查询https://developer.android.com/reference/android/Manifest.permission中描述的关于防护等级的具体阐述后，根据自己的需要做标记后使用：

中文版：

https://developer.android.google.cn/guide/topics/permissions/overview

Constants权限常量
String	ACCEPT_HANDOVER Allows a calling app to continue a call which was started in another app.
String	ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION Allows an app to access location in the background.
String	ACCESS_CHECKIN_PROPERTIES Allows read/write access to the "properties" table in the checkin database, to change values that get uploaded.
String	ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION Allows an app to access approximate location.
String	ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION Allows an app to access precise location.
String	ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDS Allows an application to access extra location provider commands.
String	ACCESS_MEDIA_LOCATION Allows an application to access any geographic locations persisted in the user's shared collection.允许应用访问用户共享集合中保留的任何地理位置。 在API级别29中添加，防护等级：危险，常数值：“ android.permission.ACCESS_MEDIA_LOCATION”
String	ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE Allows applications to access information about networks.允许应用程序访问有关网络的信息。 在API级别1中添加，防护等级：正常，常数值：“ android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE”
String	ACCESS_NOTIFICATION_POLICY Marker permission for applications that wish to access notification policy.
String	ACCESS_WIFI_STATE Allows applications to access information about Wi-Fi networks.
String	ACCOUNT_MANAGER Allows applications to call into AccountAuthenticators.
String	ACTIVITY_RECOGNITION Allows an application to recognize physical activity.
String	ADD_VOICEMAIL Allows an application to add voicemails into the system.
String	ANSWER_PHONE_CALLS Allows the app to answer an incoming phone call.
String	BATTERY_STATS Allows an application to collect battery statistics Protection level: signature|privileged|development
String	BIND_ACCESSIBILITY_SERVICE Must be required by an AccessibilityService, to ensure that only the system can bind to it.必须带有AccessibilityService，以确保只有系统可以绑定到它。 在API级别16中添加，防护等级：签名
String	BIND_APPWIDGET Allows an application to tell the AppWidget service which application can access AppWidget's data.
String	BIND_AUTOFILL_SERVICE Must be required by a AutofillService, to ensure that only the system can bind to it.
String	BIND_CALL_REDIRECTION_SERVICE Must be required by a CallRedirectionService, to ensure that only the system can bind to it.
String	BIND_CARRIER_MESSAGING_CLIENT_SERVICE A subclass of CarrierMessagingClientService must be protected with this permission.
String	BIND_CARRIER_MESSAGING_SERVICE This constant was deprecated in API level 23. Use BIND_CARRIER_SERVICES instead
String	BIND_CARRIER_SERVICES The system process that is allowed to bind to services in carrier apps will have this permission.
String	BIND_CHOOSER_TARGET_SERVICE This constant was deprecated in API level 30. For publishing direct share targets, please follow the instructions in https://developer.android.com/training/sharing/receive.html#providing-direct-share-targets instead.
String	BIND_COMPANION_DEVICE_SERVICE Must be required by any CompanionDeviceServices to ensure that only the system can bind to it.
String	BIND_CONDITION_PROVIDER_SERVICE Must be required by a ConditionProviderService, to ensure that only the system can bind to it.
String	BIND_CONTROLS Allows SystemUI to request third party controls.
String	BIND_DEVICE_ADMIN Must be required by device administration receiver, to ensure that only the system can interact with it.
String	BIND_DREAM_SERVICE Must be required by an DreamService, to ensure that only the system can bind to it.
String	BIND_INCALL_SERVICE Must be required by a InCallService, to ensure that only the system can bind to it.
String	BIND_INPUT_METHOD Must be required by an InputMethodService, to ensure that only the system can bind to it.
String	BIND_MIDI_DEVICE_SERVICE Must be required by an MidiDeviceService, to ensure that only the system can bind to it.
String	BIND_NFC_SERVICE Must be required by a HostApduService or OffHostApduService to ensure that only the system can bind to it.
String	BIND_NOTIFICATION_LISTENER_SERVICE Must be required by an NotificationListenerService, to ensure that only the system can bind to it.
String	BIND_PRINT_SERVICE Must be required by a PrintService, to ensure that only the system can bind to it.
String	BIND_QUICK_ACCESS_WALLET_SERVICE Must be required by a QuickAccessWalletService to ensure that only the system can bind to it.
String	BIND_QUICK_SETTINGS_TILE Allows an application to bind to third party quick settings tiles.
String	BIND_REMOTEVIEWS Must be required by a RemoteViewsService, to ensure that only the system can bind to it.
String	BIND_SCREENING_SERVICE Must be required by a CallScreeningService, to ensure that only the system can bind to it.
String	BIND_TELECOM_CONNECTION_SERVICE Must be required by a ConnectionService, to ensure that only the system can bind to it.
String	BIND_TEXT_SERVICE Must be required by a TextService (e.g. SpellCheckerService) to ensure that only the system can bind to it.
String	BIND_TV_INPUT Must be required by a TvInputService to ensure that only the system can bind to it.
String	BIND_VISUAL_VOICEMAIL_SERVICE Must be required by a link VisualVoicemailService to ensure that only the system can bind to it.
String	BIND_VOICE_INTERACTION Must be required by a VoiceInteractionService, to ensure that only the system can bind to it.
String	BIND_VPN_SERVICE Must be required by a VpnService, to ensure that only the system can bind to it.
String	BIND_VR_LISTENER_SERVICE Must be required by an VrListenerService, to ensure that only the system can bind to it.
String	BIND_WALLPAPER Must be required by a WallpaperService, to ensure that only the system can bind to it.
String	BLUETOOTH Allows applications to connect to paired bluetooth devices.
String	BLUETOOTH_ADMIN Allows applications to discover and pair bluetooth devices.
String	BLUETOOTH_CONNECT Required to be able to connect to paired Bluetooth devices.
String	BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED Allows applications to pair bluetooth devices without user interaction, and to allow or disallow phonebook access or message access.
String	BLUETOOTH_SCAN Required to be able to discover and pair nearby Bluetooth devices.
String	BODY_SENSORS Allows an application to access data from sensors that the user uses to measure what is happening inside their body, such as heart rate.
String	BROADCAST_PACKAGE_REMOVED Allows an application to broadcast a notification that an application package has been removed.
String	BROADCAST_SMS Allows an application to broadcast an SMS receipt notification.
String	BROADCAST_STICKY Allows an application to broadcast sticky intents.
String	BROADCAST_WAP_PUSH Allows an application to broadcast a WAP PUSH receipt notification.
String	CALL_COMPANION_APP Allows an app which implements the InCallService API to be eligible to be enabled as a calling companion app.
String	CALL_PHONE Allows an application to initiate a phone call without going through the Dialer user interface for the user to confirm the call.
String	CALL_PRIVILEGED Allows an application to call any phone number, including emergency numbers, without going through the Dialer user interface for the user to confirm the call being placed.
String	CAMERA Required to be able to access the camera device.
String	CAPTURE_AUDIO_OUTPUT Allows an application to capture audio output.
String	CHANGE_COMPONENT_ENABLED_STATE Allows an application to change whether an application component (other than its own) is enabled or not.
String	CHANGE_CONFIGURATION Allows an application to modify the current configuration, such as locale.
String	CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE Allows applications to change network connectivity state.
String	CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE Allows applications to enter Wi-Fi Multicast mode.
String	CHANGE_WIFI_STATE Allows applications to change Wi-Fi connectivity state.
String	CLEAR_APP_CACHE Allows an application to clear the caches of all installed applications on the device.
String	CONTROL_LOCATION_UPDATES Allows enabling/disabling location update notifications from the radio.
String	DELETE_CACHE_FILES Old permission for deleting an app's cache files, no longer used, but signals for us to quietly ignore calls instead of throwing an exception.
String	DELETE_PACKAGES Allows an application to delete packages.
String	DIAGNOSTIC Allows applications to RW to diagnostic resources.
String	DISABLE_KEYGUARD Allows applications to disable the keyguard if it is not secure.
String	DUMP Allows an application to retrieve state dump information from system services.
String	EXPAND_STATUS_BAR Allows an application to expand or collapse the status bar.
String	FACTORY_TEST Run as a manufacturer test application, running as the root user.
String	FOREGROUND_SERVICE Allows a regular application to use Service.startForeground.
String	GET_ACCOUNTS Allows access to the list of accounts in the Accounts Service.
String	GET_ACCOUNTS_PRIVILEGED Allows access to the list of accounts in the Accounts Service.
String	GET_PACKAGE_SIZE Allows an application to find out the space used by any package.
String	GET_TASKS This constant was deprecated in API level 21. No longer enforced.
String	GLOBAL_SEARCH This permission can be used on content providers to allow the global search system to access their data.
String	HIDE_OVERLAY_WINDOWS Allows an app to prevent non-system-overlay windows from being drawn on top of it
String	HIGH_SAMPLING_RATE_SENSORS Allows an app to access sensor data with a sampling rate greater than 200 Hz.
String	INSTALL_LOCATION_PROVIDER Allows an application to install a location provider into the Location Manager.
String	INSTALL_PACKAGES Allows an application to install packages.
String	INSTALL_SHORTCUT Allows an application to install a shortcut in Launcher.
String	INSTANT_APP_FOREGROUND_SERVICE Allows an instant app to create foreground services.
String	INTERACT_ACROSS_PROFILES Allows interaction across profiles in the same profile group.
String	INTERNET Allows applications to open network sockets.
String	KILL_BACKGROUND_PROCESSES Allows an application to call ActivityManager.killBackgroundProcesses(String).
String	LOADER_USAGE_STATS Allows a data loader to read a package's access logs.
String	LOCATION_HARDWARE Allows an application to use location features in hardware, such as the geofencing api.
String	MANAGE_DOCUMENTS Allows an application to manage access to documents, usually as part of a document picker.
String	MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE Allows an application a broad access to external storage in scoped storage.
String	MANAGE_MEDIA Allows an application to modify and delete media files on this device or any connected storage device without user confirmation.
String	MANAGE_ONGOING_CALLS Allows to query ongoing call details and manage ongoing calls Protection level: signature|appop
String	MANAGE_OWN_CALLS Allows a calling application which manages its own calls through the self-managed ConnectionService APIs.
String	MASTER_CLEAR Not for use by third-party applications.
String	MEDIA_CONTENT_CONTROL Allows an application to know what content is playing and control its playback.
String	MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS Allows an application to modify global audio settings.
String	MODIFY_PHONE_STATE Allows modification of the telephony state - power on, mmi, etc.
String	MOUNT_FORMAT_FILESYSTEMS Allows formatting file systems for removable storage.
String	MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS Allows mounting and unmounting file systems for removable storage.
String	NFC Allows applications to perform I/O operations over NFC.
String	NFC_PREFERRED_PAYMENT_INFO Allows applications to receive NFC preferred payment service information.
String	NFC_TRANSACTION_EVENT Allows applications to receive NFC transaction events.
String	PACKAGE_USAGE_STATS Allows an application to collect component usage statistics Declaring the permission implies intention to use the API and the user of the device can grant permission through the Settings application.
String	PERSISTENT_ACTIVITY This constant was deprecated in API level 15. This functionality will be removed in the future; please do not use. Allow an application to make its activities persistent.
String	PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS This constant was deprecated in API level 29. Applications should use CallRedirectionService instead of the Intent.ACTION_NEW_OUTGOING_CALL broadcast.
String	QUERY_ALL_PACKAGES Allows query of any normal app on the device, regardless of manifest declarations.
String	READ_CALENDAR Allows an application to read the user's calendar data.
String	READ_CALL_LOG Allows an application to read the user's call log.
String	READ_CONTACTS Allows an application to read the user's contacts data.
String	READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE Allows an application to read from external storage.允许应用程序从外部存储读取。声明了WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE权限的任何应用都将会被隐式授予此权限。 在API级别16中，防护等级：危险，常数值：“ android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE”
String	READ_INPUT_STATE This constant was deprecated in API level 16. The API that used this permission has been removed.
String	READ_LOGS Allows an application to read the low-level system log files.
String	READ_PHONE_NUMBERS Allows read access to the device's phone number(s).
String	READ_PHONE_STATE Allows read only access to phone state, including the current cellular network information, the status of any ongoing calls, and a list of any PhoneAccounts registered on the device.
String	READ_PRECISE_PHONE_STATE Allows read only access to precise phone state.
String	READ_SMS Allows an application to read SMS messages.
String	READ_SYNC_SETTINGS Allows applications to read the sync settings.
String	READ_SYNC_STATS Allows applications to read the sync stats.
String	READ_VOICEMAIL Allows an application to read voicemails in the system.
String	REBOOT Required to be able to reboot the device.
String	RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED Allows an application to receive the Intent.ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED that is broadcast after the system finishes booting.
String	RECEIVE_MMS Allows an application to monitor incoming MMS messages.
String	RECEIVE_SMS Allows an application to receive SMS messages.
String	RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH Allows an application to receive WAP push messages.
String	RECORD_AUDIO Allows an application to record audio.
String	REORDER_TASKS Allows an application to change the Z-order of tasks.
String	REQUEST_COMPANION_PROFILE_WATCH Allows app to request to be associated with a device via CompanionDeviceManager as a "watch" Protection level: normal
String	REQUEST_COMPANION_RUN_IN_BACKGROUND Allows a companion app to run in the background.
String	REQUEST_COMPANION_USE_DATA_IN_BACKGROUND Allows a companion app to use data in the background.
String	REQUEST_DELETE_PACKAGES Allows an application to request deleting packages.
String	REQUEST_IGNORE_BATTERY_OPTIMIZATIONS Permission an application must hold in order to use Settings.ACTION_REQUEST_IGNORE_BATTERY_OPTIMIZATIONS.
String	REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES Allows an application to request installing packages.
String	REQUEST_OBSERVE_COMPANION_DEVICE_PRESENCE Allows an application to subscribe to notifications about the presence status change of their associated companion device
String	REQUEST_PASSWORD_COMPLEXITY Allows an application to request the screen lock complexity and prompt users to update the screen lock to a certain complexity level.
String	RESTART_PACKAGES This constant was deprecated in API level 15. The ActivityManager.restartPackage(String) API is no longer supported.
String	SCHEDULE_EXACT_ALARM Allows an app to use exact alarm scheduling APIs to perform timing sensitive background work.
String	SEND_RESPOND_VIA_MESSAGE Allows an application (Phone) to send a request to other applications to handle the respond-via-message action during incoming calls.
String	SEND_SMS Allows an application to send SMS messages.
String	SET_ALARM Allows an application to broadcast an Intent to set an alarm for the user.
String	SET_ALWAYS_FINISH Allows an application to control whether activities are immediately finished when put in the background.
String	SET_ANIMATION_SCALE Modify the global animation scaling factor.
String	SET_DEBUG_APP Configure an application for debugging.
String	SET_PREFERRED_APPLICATIONS This constant was deprecated in API level 15. No longer useful, see PackageManager.addPackageToPreferred(String) for details.
String	SET_PROCESS_LIMIT Allows an application to set the maximum number of (not needed) application processes that can be running.
String	SET_TIME Allows applications to set the system time directly.
String	SET_TIME_ZONE Allows applications to set the system time zone directly.
String	SET_WALLPAPER Allows applications to set the wallpaper.
String	SET_WALLPAPER_HINTS Allows applications to set the wallpaper hints.
String	SIGNAL_PERSISTENT_PROCESSES Allow an application to request that a signal be sent to all persistent processes.
String	SMS_FINANCIAL_TRANSACTIONS This constant was deprecated in API level S. The API that used this permission is no longer functional.
String	START_FOREGROUND_SERVICES_FROM_BACKGROUND Allows an application to start foreground services from background, can only be granted to privileged apps or app that is SMS/EMERGENCY/SYSTEM GALLERY roles.
String	START_VIEW_PERMISSION_USAGE Allows the holder to start the permission usage screen for an app.
String	STATUS_BAR Allows an application to open, close, or disable the status bar and its icons.
String	SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW Allows an app to create windows using the type WindowManager.LayoutParams.TYPE_APPLICATION_OVERLAY, shown on top of all other apps.
String	TRANSMIT_IR Allows using the device's IR transmitter, if available.
String	UNINSTALL_SHORTCUT Don't use this permission in your app.
String	UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS Allows an application to update device statistics.
String	USE_BIOMETRIC Allows an app to use device supported biometric modalities.
String	USE_FINGERPRINT This constant was deprecated in API level 28. Applications should request USE_BIOMETRIC instead
String	USE_FULL_SCREEN_INTENT Required for apps targeting Build.VERSION_CODES.Q that want to use notification full screen intents.
String	USE_ICC_AUTH_WITH_DEVICE_IDENTIFIER Allows to read device identifiers and use ICC based authentication like EAP-AKA.
String	USE_SIP Allows an application to use SIP service.
String	VIBRATE Allows access to the vibrator.
String	WAKE_LOCK Allows using PowerManager WakeLocks to keep processor from sleeping or screen from dimming.
String	WRITE_APN_SETTINGS Allows applications to write the apn settings and read sensitive fields of an existing apn settings like user and password.
String	WRITE_CALENDAR Allows an application to write the user's calendar data.
String	WRITE_CALL_LOG Allows an application to write (but not read) the user's call log data.
String	WRITE_CONTACTS Allows an application to write the user's contacts data.
String	WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE Allows an application to write to external storage.允许应用程序写入外部存储。声明该权限的任何应用都将隐式授予android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE从外部存储读取的权限。 在API级别4中添加，防护等级：危险，常数值：“ android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE”
String	WRITE_GSERVICES Allows an application to modify the Google service map.
String	WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS Allows an application to read or write the secure system settings.
String	WRITE_SETTINGS Allows an application to read or write the system settings.
String	WRITE_SYNC_SETTINGS Allows applications to write the sync settings.
String	WRITE_VOICEMAIL Allows an application to modify and remove existing voicemails in the system.