7.26英语笔记

笔记重点：

• 这篇新闻中一共用了哪几种方式表达这起火灾？
• 放火、焚烧某物，可以有哪些表达？
• 体现某个事物很成功、很受欢迎，可以有哪些表达方式？
• it’s amazing how…句式中的how应作何解？
  An alleged arson attack on a respected Japanese animation studio left a shocked nation grieving, as investigators looked to identify victims and determine a possible motive in one of the deadliest acts of violence in Japan’s modern history.

据称，一家备受尊敬的日本动画工作室遭到了恶意纵火，日本举国震惊，陷入悲痛，与此同时，调查员们正着手确认遇害者身份，并试图确定该纵火案背后可能的动机，此次纵火案是日本现代历史上最残忍的暴力袭击之一。

arson纵火罪，注意是不可数名词：…a terrible wave of rioting, theft and arson. …一波可怕的骚乱、盗窃和纵火事件。
leave这个用法在新闻中非常常见，表示造成某种影响、后果，常见于新闻中对灾难、事故的描述：

• An explosion at a chemical plant has left one worker dead and four injured.
  一家化工厂爆炸造成一名工人死亡，四人受伤。

look to do/be looking to do是口语中常见的表达，打算做某事。
英文文章中喜欢用不同的词表达同一个事物，比如此次纵火案，在本段中就用了以下两种表达方式：an alleged arson attack, one of the deadliest acts of violence，后者也是指此次案件。
A total of 33 people — many of them young — were killed a day earlier when a man appeared to douse flammable liquid through the Kyoto Animation Co. studio and set it alight, triggering an inferno, officials said. Some 36 others were injured, about 10 critically.

相关官员称，一共 33 人（其中许多都很年轻）在一天之前遇害，当时，一名男子将可燃液体浇在了京都动画工作室的各个角落，并将它点燃，引发了一场巨大的火灾。除此以外，还有大约 36 人受伤，其中 10 人伤情严重。

douse及物动词，往……上面泼液体，把……浸在液体里，常见搭配douse sth. with/in sth., 比如：The car was doused in petrol and set alight.
这辆汽车被浇上汽油点燃了。
放火、焚烧某物，可以用的表达有：
set sth on fire/alight/ablaze, set fire to sth，比如：
Protesters set fire to two buses.
抗议者放火焚烧了两辆公共汽车。

这段话里用了第三个词表达这场火灾：inferno，这个词常见于新闻报道，表示“熊熊大火”，经常和raging, blazing等词搭配使用，比如：
Within minutes, the house had become a raging inferno. 没几分钟房子就成了一片火海。
inferno的词义做一个延伸，还可以表达无法控制的愤怒、怒火中烧，比如：
She was desperately trying to calm the inferno raging within her.
她拼命想平息胸中的怒火。

critically和ill,injured搭配的时候，表示程度“十分严重地”，病危、伤重，比如：
Ten people died and thirty were critically injured in a rail crash yesterday.
在昨天的火车相撞事故中，有十人死亡，三十人重伤。
She is still critically ill in hospital.
她在医院里，病情仍然危险。

The blaze at the production house struck at a pillar of Japan’s anime industry, an obsession in the country and a cherished cultural export. Kyoto Animation, known as KyoAni, had produced hits such as “Lucky Star,” “K-On!” and “Haruhi Suzumiya,” winning worldwide acclaim for its skilled drawings.

工作室的这场大火，危害了日本动漫产业的支柱，它广受日本国民喜爱，也是该国宝贵的文化输出品。京都动画，又称“京阿尼”，他们曾出品《幸运星》、《轻音少女》和《凉宫春日的忧郁》等众多高人气动漫，以其精湛的绘画制作水平享誉世界。

strike经常搭配介词at，表示伤害、危及，比如：
The law would strike at the most basic of civil rights.
这项法令会侵犯最基本的公民权利。
Such prejudices strike right at the heart of any notions of a civilized society.
这样的偏见直接伤及文明社会理念的核心。
也可以做及物动词，搭配宾语a blow at/against/to sth，给……造成打击：
The scandal seemed to have struck a mortal blow to the government’s chances of re-election.
这桩丑闻似乎已给政府连任的希望造成致命的打击。
an obsession in the country and a cherished cultural export这个部分作为Japan's anime industry的同位语，obsession可以表示令人痴迷的事物，比如:

• 某事物风靡全国/全球：sth. becomes a national/worldwide obsession：

The game pachinko became a national obsession.
弹珠机游戏已经风靡全国。

hit这个词义我们也经常遇到了，受欢迎的事物，比如：
Her new series is a smash hit .
她的新系列节目极为成功，引起轰动。
acclaim尤指对艺术家作品的高度评价，international/popular/critical acclaim 国际上的╱公众的╱评论家的赞扬
从这两句话中，我们可以总结出，体现某个事物很成功、很受欢迎、饱受好评，可有以下几种方式：

• be a national/worldwide obsession
• be a smash hit 巨大的成功，轰动的成功
• win international/popular/critical acclaim

The suspect, Shinji Aoba, aged 41, remained in the hospital after suffering burns all over his body. A woman who saw police detain the man a day earlier told reporters that he “seemed to be discontented, he seemed to get angry, shouting something about how he had been plagiarized,” according to Reuters.

这名嫌疑人名叫青叶真司，现年 41 岁，他全身烧伤，目前正入院接受治疗。据《路透社》的报道，一名女士曾在案发前一天目睹警方扣押该嫌犯，这名女士告诉记者，“他看上去面露不快，怒气冲冲，嘴里叫喊着什么他（的作品）被剽窃了之类的”。

discontented同义词dissatisfied，不满的，不快的。
plagiarize，剽窃，抄袭别人的作品：
He was accused of plagiarizing his colleague’s results.
他被指控剽窃同事的成果。
how he had been plagiarized，这个how不要生硬地理解为“如何”，这里只是指某一事件或情形，比如：
It’s amazing how they’ve managed to get everything finished so quickly.
他们这么快就全部完成了，真是让人吃惊。