'@'符号用作函数修饰符是python2.4新增加的功能,修饰符必须出现在函数定义前一行,不允许和函数定义在同一行。也就是说 @A def f(): 是非法的。 只可以在模块或类定义层内对函数进行修饰,不允许修修饰一个类。 一个修饰符就是一个函数,它将被修饰的函数做为参数,并返回修饰后的同名函数或其它可调用的东西。
请看以下实例:
>>> def spamrun(fn): ... def sayspam(*args): ... print "spam, spam, spam" ... return sayspam ... >>> @spamrun ... def useful(a, b): ... print a**2 + b**2 ... >>> useful(3,4) spam, spam, spam 请参考python主页中的文档:http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0318/,相信会对修饰符有一个更深入的认识。 更多例子: Listing 1. Bad decorator that does not even return function
>>> def spamdef(fn): ... print "spam, spam, spam" ... >>> @spamdef ... def useful(a, b): ... print a**2 + b**2 ... spam, spam, spam >>> useful(3, 4) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in ? TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not callable |
A decorator might return a function, but one that is not meaningfully associated with the undecorated function:
Listing 2. Decorator whose function ignores passed-in function
>>> def spamrun(fn): ... def sayspam(*args): ... print "spam, spam, spam" ... return sayspam ... >>> @spamrun ... def useful(a, b): ... print a**2 + b**2 ... >>> useful(3,4) spam, spam, spam |
Finally, a better behaved decorator will in some way enhance or modify the action of the undecorated function:
Listing 3. Decorator that modifies behavior of undecorated func
>>> def addspam(fn): ... def new(*args): ... print "spam, spam, spam" ... return fn(*args) ... return new ... >>> @addspam ... def useful(a, b): ... print a**2 + b**2 ... >>> useful(3,4) spam, spam, spam 25