# 导入所需模块 pip install opencv-python -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
import cv2
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import os
import numpy as np
# plt显示彩色图片
def plt_show0(img):
# cv2与plt的图像通道不同:cv2为[b,g,r];plt为[r, g, b]
b, g, r = cv2.split(img)
img = cv2.merge([r, g, b])
plt.imshow(img)
plt.show()
# plt显示灰度图片
def plt_show(img):
plt.imshow(img, cmap='gray')
plt.show()
# 图像去噪灰度处理
def gray_guss(image):
image = cv2.GaussianBlur(image, (3, 3), 0)
gray_image = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_RGB2GRAY)
return gray_image
# 读取待检测图片
origin_image = cv2.imread('车牌.jpg')
# 复制一张图片,在复制图上进行图像操作,保留原图
image = origin_image#.copy()
# 图像去噪灰度处理
gray_image = gray_guss(image)
# x方向上的边缘检测(增强边缘信息)
Sobel_x = cv2.Sobel(gray_image, cv2.CV_16S, 1, 0)
absX = cv2.convertScaleAbs(Sobel_x)
image = absX
# 图像阈值化操作——获得二值化图
ret, image = cv2.threshold(image, 0, 255, cv2.THRESH_OTSU)
# 显示灰度图像
#plt_show(image)
# 形态学(从图像中提取对表达和描绘区域形状有意义的图像分量)——闭操作
kernelX = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_RECT, (30, 10))
image = cv2.morphologyEx(image, cv2.MORPH_CLOSE, kernelX, iterations=1)
# 显示灰度图像
#plt_show(image)
# 腐蚀(erode)和膨胀(dilate)
kernelX = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_RECT, (50, 1))
kernelY = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_RECT, (1, 20))
# x方向进行闭操作(抑制暗细节)
image = cv2.dilate(image, kernelX)
image = cv2.erode(image, kernelX)
# y方向的开操作
image = cv2.erode(image, kernelY)
image = cv2.dilate(image, kernelY)
# 中值滤波(去噪)
image = cv2.medianBlur(image, 21)
# 显示灰度图像
#plt_show(image)
# 获得轮廓
contours, hierarchy = cv2.findContours(image, cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
for item in contours:
rect = cv2.boundingRect(item)
x = rect[0]
y = rect[1]
weight = rect[2]
height = rect[3]
# 根据轮廓的形状特点,确定车牌的轮廓位置并截取图像
if (weight > (height * 3.5)) and (weight < (height * 4)):
image = origin_image[y:y + height, x:x + weight]
plt_show0(image)
# 图像去噪灰度处理
gray_image = gray_guss(image)
# 图像阈值化操作——获得二值化图
ret, image = cv2.threshold(gray_image, 0, 255, cv2.THRESH_OTSU)
plt_show(image)
# 膨胀操作,使“苏”字膨胀为一个近似的整体,为分割做准备
kernel = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_RECT, (2, 2))
image = cv2.dilate(image, kernel)
plt_show(image)