##keepalived高可用原理
keepalived高可用对之间是通过VRRP协议通信
1、VRRP协议,中文名为虚拟路由冗余协议,VRRP的出现是为了解决静态路由的单点故障。
2、VRRP是通过一种竞选机制来将路由任务交给某台VRRP路由器的。
3、VRRP是用过IP多播的方式(默认多播地址(224.0.0.18))实现高可用对之间通信的。
4、工作时主节点发包,备节点接包,当备节点接收不到主节点发的数据包的时候,就启动接管程序,接管主节点的资源。备节点可以有多个,通过优先级竞选,但一般keepalived系统运维工作中都是一对。
5、VRRP使用了加密协议加密数据,但keepalived官方目前还是推荐使用明文的方式配置认证类型和密码。
1.准备环境
- 准备机器lb01 lb02 web01 web02
- lb01 lb02 安装软件
yum install keepalived -y
[root@lb01 nginx]# rpm -qa keepalived
keepalived-1.3.5-8.el7_6.x86_64
[root@lb02 ~]# rpm -qa keepalived
keepalived-1.3.5-8.el7_6.x86_64
2.开启服务与自启动
lb01:
[root@lb01 nginx]# systemctl start keepalived.service
[root@lb01 nginx]# systemctl enable keepalived.service
lb02:
[root@lb02 ~]# systemctl start keepalived.service
[root@lb02 ~]# systemctl enable keepalived.service
2.利用Wireshark抓包
随便抓个包看看:
3.配置文件
/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
配置文件格式:
修改前将源配置文件备份
[root@lb01 nginx]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id lb01
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 150
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
10.0.0.3/24 dev eth0 label eth0:1
}
}